Imaging Flashcards
What species is this from and what is the dark blue/light blue showing?
Dog
Dark blue = female
Light blue = male
What species is this?
Cat
What type of contrast is shown?
pneumocystogram
negative contrast
What type of contrast is shown?
positive contrast
What type of contrast is shown?
Double contrast
What is the left, middle and right diagram depicting?
Left = urolith (settle in middle)
Middle = blood clot (adhere to wall)
Right = Air bubble/mural lesion (small and uniform at rim)
What is in this bladder?
uroliths
What is in this bladder?
Blood clots
What is in this bladder?
Mural lesion / air bubble
What is a positive contrast study called in a male and female?
Male = retrograde urethro-cystogram
Female = retrograde vagino-urethro-cystogram
How can you differentiate between calculi and air in the urethra?
Air = elongated and move with contrast
What is used for a positive contrast?
iodine
appears white
what is used for negative contrast?
carbon dioxide
nitrous
appears black
What should you sample urine before using contrast?
as contrast is bacteriostatic so will affect sample
What type of contrast do you use with a suspected bladder rupture?
undiluted positive contrast
How do you do a double contrast?
1) empty bladder
2) 2-5ml of non-dilute contrast
3) 4-11ml/kg of gas
4) roll patient so coats walls
what is shown on this ultrasound?
Uroliths
-leave a shadow
Are the ureters normally seen?
No
What is this circle showing?
prostate
What are the arrows pointing to?
Uterus
What is this structure?
Uterus
What type of contrast study is this?
excretory urogram = IV pyelogram
What is used to compare kidney size to and how big should they be compared to it in the cat and the dog?
Dog - 2.5-3.5 x L2 length
Cat - 1.9-2.6 x L2 length
Where should the dog kidneys be situated?
R - T13 - L2
L - caudal
Where should the cat kidneys be situated?
R - L2-L5
R - more caudal
what is the bladder cranial and ventral to?
Cranial to prostate and pubis
Ventral to colon and uterus
What is normal prostate size and how is it measured?
70% of distance from promontory to os penis
What is the uterus ventral and dorsal to?
Ventral to colon
dorsal to bladder
What should you do before doing a contrast study?
Survery radiographs
-see if need an enema
