LanSummL8 Flashcards
*** To add a noun (classify it) to the last named subject
Mike is talking to ____________ , ____________
Mike is talking to Colin Murphy, an investment banker.
merger
a combination of two things, especially companies, into one.
*** The subject introduces himself
Subject: Subject name/noun. Nice to meet you.
COLIN: Colin Murphy. Nice to meet you.
*** “brief” word meaning
Carmen briefed me yesterday on your decision to sell your company
adjective 1 of short duration
noun 1 a concise statement or summary
verb 1 instruct or inform (someone) thoroughly, especially in preparation for a task
*** “fill me” meaning
why don’t you fill me in on the details?
verb
1 cause (a space or container) to become full or almost full
2 become an overwhelming presence in; pervade.
3 appoint a person to hold (a vacant post).
[subject] [verb in past tense] me that because your [describe his capabilities], you’ll be able to [an required action in the future]
Carmen Gomez told me that because your firm specializes in mergers and acquisitions, you’ll be able to help us find a qualified buyer for our company.
Subject: Hello, I’m [name], [name of the company].
** the subject introduces himself
** after that, the subject might add a short speech
MIKE: Hello, I’m Mike Davis, Accelerated English.
answer to the person that has just introduced himself
Me: Noe Mazahua. Nice to meet you.
the long-term growth picture
*** meaning of “picture” word
noun
1 a painting or drawing. “draw a picture of”
come to a major crossroads.
*** meaning of “crossroad” word
an intersection of two or more roads.
Would you mind elaborating?
*** meaning of “elaborating” word
verb
1 develop or present (a theory, policy, or system) in detail.
But also, might be used as:
adjective
1 involving many carefully arranged parts or details; detailed and complicated in design and planning.
I’d be
Meaning: Estaría
Short way to say: I would be
we’ve
Meaning: Hemos
Short way to say: We have
Experience is something we consider a must.
*** meaning of “a must” expression
meaning: essential or fundamental
a great deal of experience
*** meaning of the expression “great deal”
noun
3 a significant but unspecified amount of something.
but also used as:
verb
1 distribute (cards) in an orderly rotation to players for a game or round.
noun
1 an agreement entered into by two or more parties for their mutual benefit, especially in a business or political context.
As a matter of fact
***meaning og
meaning: “de hecho” / “en realidad”
like a reasonable approach.
*** meaning of
noun
1 a way of dealing with something.
verb
2 speak to (someone) for the first time about something, typically with a proposal or request.
I’ll be [verb in gerund]+[specific action] soon.
I’ll be giving you a call soon.
I look forward to [verb in gerund] + [action almost imminent]
I look forward to doing business together
“espero hagamos negocios juntos”
beat around the bush
speak indirectly about something because it is a difficult, sensitive, or uncomfortable matter.
on the line (adjective phrase) = on the line
at risk
If he makes the wrong decision, he could put his job on the line.
strike
strike verb (STOP WORK)
to refuse to continue working because of an argument with an employer about working conditions, pay levels, or job cuts:
“We’re striking for better pay and improved safety standards.”
strike verb (CAUSE SUFFERING)
to cause a person or place to suffer severely from the effects of something very unpleasant that happens suddenly:
“I have a life insurance policy that will take care of my family if disaster strikes”
strike verb (HIT)
to hit or attack someone or something forcefully or violently:
“Her car went out of control and struck an oncoming vehicle.”
strike verb (REMOVE)
to remove something officially from a document:
“Please strike my name from your mailing list immediately.”
strike verb (DISCOVER)
to discover a supply of oil, gas, or gold underground:
strike verb (AGREE)
to reach or make an agreement:
“Do you think the government should try to strike a deal with the terrorists?”
strike verb (FEEL/THINK)
to cause someone to have a feeling or idea about something:
“Doesn’t it strike you as odd that he never talks about his family?”
strike verb (MOVE BODY)
to move your body into a particular position:
“She may be 67, but she can still strike a sexy pose.”
strike verb (MAKE COINS)
to make a metal disk-shaped object such as a coin with a machine that quickly presses a picture into a piece of metal:
“When was the first one-dollar coin struck?”
strike verb (TENT)
to take down a tent or a number of tents:
“When the troops had exhausted food and firewood, they struck their tents and moved on.”
worked up
US /ˌwɝːkt ˈʌp/
adjective [ after verb ]
upset or very excited about something:
“It’s easy to get worked up when you’re tired and everything seems to be against you.”
“Seniority” (noun)
US /ˌwɝːkt ˈʌp
is the rank an employee has in a company based on the length of time he or she has worked there. “Seniority” is an uncountable noun. Another form is “senior” (adjective).
“Get carried away” (verb phrase)
means to become too excited or emotional about something. When people get carried away, they are so excited by what they’re doing that their actions go beyond what is normal.
“Stand by” (phrasal verb)
means to support or defend someone or something. “Stand by” is used with an object.
“Go overboard” (verb phrase)
means to do something with too much enthusiasm or to an extreme degree.
“Go overboard” is similar to “get carried away.”
yell
verb [ I or T ]
to shout something or make a loud noise, usually when you are angry, in pain, or excited:
“The child yelled out in pain.”
noun [ C usually singular ]
a loud shout, usually when you are angry, in pain, or excited:
“Suddenly there was a loud yell from the bathroom.”
verb [ I/T ]
to shout words or make a loud noise, often when you want to get someone’s attention or because you are angry, excited, or in pain:
“Snyder heard a woman yell for help.”
Reported speech
Used to tell or report to someone what another person said.
The words “say” and “tell” are often used to introduce reported speech.
“said” is followed by (“that”) + S + V, but
“told” is followed by a noun or a pronoun + (“that”) + S + V.
“That” is optional in both cases.
When the reported speech is introduced by a verb in the past tense (“said,” “told”), verbs in the present tense change to past tense.
Example: I wan to run the company
>Chuck said he wanted to grow the company
>Chuck told me he wanted to grow the company
Verbs in the simple past can change to the past perfect in reported speech.
However, these verbs often don’t change in spoken English.
MODALS change
Some modals change when the reported speech is introduced in the past tense.
Modal Changes:
from / To
Can / could
May / might
Must / had to
Will / would
*** could,Would,should,ought to, remaing the same
Example:I´ll lead the meeting
> Mathew told me he would lead the meeting
PRONOUNS Change
Pronouns also often change with reported speech.
I / he,she
me / him,her
my / his,her
mine / his,hers
we / they
us / them
our / their
ours / theirs
First person pronouns usually change to third person pronouns.
If the speaker is reporting what he or she said, “I” doesn’t change.
Second person pronouns usually change to first person pronouns
if you are reporting what someone said to you or to a group that includes you.
More examples:
Carmen: “It’s hard to concentrate on my work with so many interruptions.”
> Carmen said that it was hard to concentrate on her work with so many interruptions.
Colin: “I’m ready to set up an appointment to discuss financial details.”
> Colin said that he was ready to set up an appointment to discuss financial details.
Anita: “My brother is thinking about how to protect the employees.”
>Anita said that her brother was thinking about how to protect the employees.
- Beckett: “I have several ideas in mind for Accelerated English.”
Beckett said he had that several ideas in mind for Accelerated English. - Amy: “I don’t like the rumors going around the office.”
Amy said that she didn’t like the rumors going around the office.
Jeremy: “You’re getting worked up about nothing.”
Jeremy said that I was getting worked up about nothing.
Amy: “All of our jobs will be on the line.”
Amy said that all of their jobs would be on the line.
Amy: “Jeremy, we may be completely taken over by another company.”
Amy told Jeremy that they might be completely taken over by another company.
Introducing a Possible Situation
What if + S + V ?
What if they offer you a six-week vacation?
Imagine if + S + V
Imagine if they asked you to travel to exciting places.
Suggesting a Possible Solution or Idea
What about + V-ing ?
What about expanding the advertising campaign?
go over
phrasal verb with go verb
(BE RECEIVED)
US
(UK go down)
to be received in a particular way:
The presentation went over well.
go over something
phrasal verb with go verb
(EXAMINE)
to examine or look at something in a careful or detailed way:
Forensic scientists are going over the victim’s apartment in a search for clues about the murderer.
(STUDY)
to study or explain something:
I always go over my notes just before I go into an exam.
address
verb [ T ]
address verb [T] (SPEAK TO)
to speak or write to someone:
He addressed a few introductory remarks to the audience.
He likes to be addressed as “Sir” or “Mr. Partridge.”
address verb [T] (DEAL WITH)
to give attention to or deal with a matter or problem:
The issue of funding has yet to be addressed.
address verb [T] (WRITE DETAILS)
to write a name or address on an envelope or package:
The package was wrongly addressed.
figure out
figure something/someone out
phrasal verb with figure verb
informal
to finally understand something or someone, or find the solution to a problem after a lot of thought:
I can’t figure out why he did it.
figure out someone/something
phrasal verb with figure verb [ I/T ]
to understand someone or something, or to find the answer to something by thinking:
“I’ve never been able to figure her out.”
stumbling block
noun
something that prevents action or agreement:
“Lack of willingness to compromise on both sides is the main/major stumbling block to reaching a settlement.”
noun
a difficulty that prevents progress, understanding, or agreement:
“Several major stumbling blocks must be resolved.”
run into
to meet someone you know when you are not expecting to:
I ran into my boss at the supermarket.
to experience problems:
run into trouble/difficulty/problems
to reach a particular cost or amount, as a total:
The repairs will probably run into thousands of pounds.
go out
to leave a room or building, especially in order to do something for entertainment:
Please close the door as you go out.
to have a romantic and usually sexual relationship with someone:
How long have you been going out with him?
rest assured
If you tell someone that they can rest assured about something, you mean that they can feel confident that it is true or that it will happen:
You can rest assured that I will be there as promised.
seek someone/something out
to look for someone or something, especially for a long time until you find him, her, or it:
While he was at the library, Steve decided to seek out some information on the history of the area.
sake
in order to help or bring advantage to someone:
Please do it, for David’s sake.
because of, or for the purpose of something:
Let’s not disagree for the sake of (= because of) a few dollars.
used to emphasize requests or orders when you are angry or have lost patience:
For goodness’ sake don’t let her know I told you!
remain
to stay in the same place or in the same condition:
The doctor ordered him to remain in bed for a few days.
to continue to exist when other parts or other things no longer exist:
After the flood, nothing remained of the village.
leave verb (REMAIN)
If something leaves something else, a part or effect of it stays after it has gone or been used:
His shoes left muddy marks on the floor.
[ + two objects ] If I give you $50 that won’t leave me enough cash to pay the bill.
If you leave something in a particular condition, you do not touch it, move it, or act to change it in any way, so that it stays in the same condition:
Leave that chair where it is.
If you leave something or someone doing something, he, she, or it is still doing it when you go away:
I left the children watching television.
He left the engine running.
continuity (noun) = continuity
[uncountable]
the quality of staying the same for a period of time, even when other things change
Let’s make sure the new accountant maintains continuity in our payroll process.
continue (verb)
continuous (adjective)
specifics (noun) = specifics
[always plural]
details about or particular qualities of something
It’s common to discuss specifics, such as salary and benefits, at a second job interview.
specific (adjective)
stumbling block (noun phrase) = stumbling block
[countable]
a problem that makes it difficult to continue a process or achieve a goal
Let’s figure out what stumbling blocks we might run into in the negotiation.
track record (noun phrase) = track record
[always singular]
a performance history that shows successes and failures of someone or something.
When we make acquisitions, we only seek out companies that have an impressive track record.
be pressed for (something) (verb phrase) = be pressed for (something)
to not have enough of something
I’m a little pressed for time.
put (something) in writing (verb phrase) = put (something) in writing
to make something official by putting it in a document
The offer isn’t official until they put it in writing.
rest assured (expression) = rest assured
used to tell someone that something is true and there’s no need to worry
There is no fog at Heathrow Airport, so you can rest assured that we will land in London on time.
for the sake of (someone or something)/for (someone’s or something’s) sake (preposition phrase) = for the sake of (someone or something)/for (someone’s or something’s) sake
in order to improve, promote, or benefit someone or something
For the sake of fairness, everyone should be involved in the negotiations.
question-word clause
a noun clause that can be either the subject or the object of the verb in a sentence. A “question-word” clause is introduced by one of these words: who, what, when, where, why, how.
What he said at the meeting (question-word clause = S) surprised (V) everyone. (O)
I (S) don’t know (V) where the meeting is. (question-word clause = O)
What/who as the subject of the clause: What/who + V
I don’t know what (question word) is happening.
A “question-word” clause is a type of noun clause. A noun clause contains a subject and a verb and functions as a singular noun in a sentence.
The “question-word” clause can be the subject or the object of the verb.
These words are often used to begin “question-word” clauses. A “question-word” clause usually has the following form: question word + subject + verb.
When [question words] are used to form questions, the auxiliary verbs “do,” “does,” and “did” often come directly after the question word.
When [question words] are used to form “question-word” clauses, these auxiliary verbs do not follow the question words.
“What” or “who” can be the subject of a question-word clause.
When “what” or “who” is the subject of the question-word clause, the following form is used:
“what/who” + V.
INTRODUCING POINTS OF DISCUSSION
To Introduce Visual Information
“Let’s take a look at + noun phrase or question word clause”
“Let’s take a look at the sales data from last quarter.”
To Introduce a Topic or an Idea
“Let’s consider + noun phrase or question word clause”
“Let’s consider what the bank said about financing.”
To Focus on Details or Look Closely at Something
(Let’s go over/Let’s analyze/Let’s evaluate) noun phrase or question word clause
“Let’s go over our three main options.”
“Let’s evaluate how our product is selling.”
To Ask Others to Help You Think about Something Until You Understand It
Let’s figure out + noun phrase or question word clause
Let’s figure + pronoun + out
“Let’s figure out our expenses for the business trip tomorrow.”
“Let’s figure that out soon.”
To Remind Others of a Point or an Idea
(Let’s not forget / Let’s not overlook) + noun phrase, question word clause, or that + S + V
proceed
verb
to continue as planned:
His lawyers have decided not to proceed with the case.
to do something after you have done something else:
She sat down and proceeded to tell me about her skiing holiday.
formal
to move forward or travel in a particular direction:
Passengers for Madrid should proceed to gate 26 for boarding.
proposal
noun [ C ]
a suggestion, sometimes a written one:
Congress has rejected the latest economic proposal put forward by the President.
outstanding share (noun phrase) = outstanding share
a unit of a corporation’s stock that has been issued and is owned by the public or by private investors
More than 80 percent of the outstanding shares were held by large financial institutions.
stock option (noun phrase) = stock option
[countable]
a right to buy the common stock of a corporation at a specified price, by a specific date
All of your employees will be given stock options.
term sheet (noun phrase) = term sheet
[countable]
a summary of the key elements of a transaction or agreement
I asked him if they could draw up a term sheet for us.
valuation (noun) = valuation
[countable/uncountable]
an estimate of how much something, such as a company or building, is worth
The valuation of this house is much higher than it was when we bought it.
be clear about (something) (verb phrase) = be clear about (something)
to understand something very well
I explained the new policy to Sara, so I know she’s clear about it.
have some say (verb phrase) = have some say
to have some authority or decision-making power
Now that you’re a manager, you’ll have some say about deadlines.
Favorably (adverb) = favorably
in a way that is good or agreeable to someone or something
The offer will address most of your concerns quite favorably.
favorable (adjective)
on a case-by-case basis (preposition phrase) = on a case-by-case basis
considering each case or situation separately rather than in terms of a general rule
They will make decisions about salary increases on a case-by-case basis.
Asking for General Information about a Previous Conversation
What did + S + tell you?
What other details did + S + give you?
What did Beckett tell you?
Asking for Specific Information about a Previous Conversation
Did + S + say anthing about + noun phrase?
What did + S + have to say about + noun phrase?
Tell me/us what + S + said about + noun phrase?
Did Carol say anything about the merger?
What did they have to say about the budget?
Tell us what Universal said about the current staff.
Responding to Information from a Previous Conversation
It sounds like/as if + S + V
It sounds as if the term sheet addresses our concerns.
reservations (noun) = reservations
[usually plural]
feelings of doubt or concern that you have when you don’t completely agree with a plan, suggestion, or idea
At first it looked like a good deal, but I had some reservations when I read the offer more closely.
accommodate (verb) = accommodate
[used with an object]
to have or provide enough space for a group of people or things
The conference facility can accommodate 300 people.
accommodations (noun)
accommodating (adjective)
be out of the question (verb phrase) = be out of the question
to be impossible or not allowed
Hiring a new product manager right now is out of the question.
head back (phrasal verb) = head back
[inseparable; not used with an object]
to start to return to a place
When do you plan to head back to the U.S.?
put forward (phrasal verb) = put forward
[separable; used with an object]
to introduce a plan or an idea for discussion
We would like to put forward some additional points before we end the meeting.
