Language System - LectureCapture

Question 1

What area is responsible for speech production?

Answer 1

Broca’s area

Question 2

Where is Broca’s area located?

Answer 2

Superior frontal gyrus (heart shaped)

Question 3

What area is responsible for language comprehension?

Answer 3

Wernicke’s area

Question 4

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

Answer 4

Surrounding the primary auditory cortex and partially inside the lateral sulcus

Question 5

What white matter tract connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?

Answer 5

Arcuate fasciculus

Question 6

Pathway of auditory processing

Answer 6

Info -> cochlear nuclei -> lateral lemniscus -> Broca’s -> MGN in thalamus -> primary auditory cortex -> Wernicke’s area

Question 7

What connects Brocas on the right to Brocas on the left?

Answer 7

Corpus callousum

Question 8

Dominant side for language processes what?

Answer 8

Semantic aspects of language

Question 9

Non-dominant side for language processes what?

Answer 9

Prosody - tone, emotion, etc.

Question 10

Most people are what side dominant for language?

Answer 10

Left

Question 11

Which groups of people are protected more than others from unilateral lesions to the language systems?

Answer 11

Women and left handed people

Question 12

In a right dominant person, which side processes semantics and which processes prosody?

Answer 12

Right = semantics, left = prosody

Question 13

In order to read/name objects, what systems must be intact and communicating?

Answer 13

Visual and language

Question 14

In order to read/name objects, what region passes information to the language areas?

Answer 14

Visual system -> Wernicke’s -> Brocas -> facial motor cortex for spoken response

Question 15

Fluent speech is defined as

Answer 15

Effortless, articulate, and grammatical with normal prosody, not emotionally dull or flat

Question 16

Non fluent speech is defined as

Answer 16

Laborous, inarticulate, missing words, adjectives, adverbs, etc.

Question 17

Telegraphic speech

Answer 17

Using nouns and verbs only

Question 18

If output is confluent, how do you find out if the patient comprehends?

Answer 18

Yes/no ? or nodding response ?

Question 19

Volume of speech

Answer 19

Number of words, full sentences

Question 20

Volume of speech for full sentences

Answer 20

Loud

Question 21

Volume of speech for 2 word responses

Answer 21

Low

Question 22

Which aphasia is characterized by absent comprehension, fluency, and high volume in which the patient thinks they are speaking coherently (but are actually speaking in nonsense sentences)?

Answer 22

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 23

Which aphasia is characterized by intact comprehension, but impaired production (low volume, non-fluency) in which the patient may be aware of the deficit and distressed by it?

Answer 23

Broca’s aphasia

Question 24

What are the deficits if ONLY Brocas is damaged?

Answer 24

Cant write or speak

Question 25

If the left Broca’s area is damaged, what are the deficits in writing?

Answer 25

Cant write with either hand
Not right because damage to left premotor cortex
Not left because we need an intact left premotor cortex to send projections to the right Brocas/premotor

Question 26

Can patients with Brocas damage point?

Answer 26

Yes - just can’t give language based responses such as writing, speaking, or using sign language

Question 27

In which type of aphasia do you see intact production of speech and intact comprehension of speech if tested separately?

Answer 27

Conduction aphasia

Patient can nod to answer questions (comp) or name family members if examiner points to them (production)

Question 28

Damage to what causes conduction aphasia?

Answer 28

Arcuate fasciculus

Question 29

MCA superior infarct would most likely cause

Answer 29

Broca’s or conduction aphasia

Question 30

MCA inferior infarct would most likely cause

Answer 30

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 31

MCA superior and inferior infarct would most likely cause

Answer 31

Global aphasia

Question 32

Watershed infarcts cause

Answer 32

transcortical aphasias

Question 33

What kind of aphasia isolates an intact Broca’s from other motor areas and has deficits of low fluency, with spontaneous repeats?

Answer 33

Motor transcortical aphasia

Question 34

Motor transcortical aphasia can cause what other motor deficits?

Answer 34

Proximal arm (shoulder) and leg (hip) weakness

Question 35

Which aphasia is caused by an MCA-ACA watershed infarct?

Answer 35

Motor transcortical aphasia

Question 36

Which aphasia is caused by an MCA-PCA watershed infarct?

Answer 36

Sensory transcortical aphasia

Question 37

What kind of aphasia isolates an intact Wernicke’s from visual areas and has fluent aphasia with repeats and possible spatial hemineglect?

Answer 37

Sensory transcortical aphasia

Question 38

In which aphasia is there an inability to name presented stimuli?

Answer 38

Anomic aphasia

Question 39

In which aphasia is a patient unable to understand what they are reading, but can write a response?

Answer 39

Alexia without agraphia

Question 40

Alexia

Answer 40

Inability to read

Question 41

Agraphia

Answer 41

Inability to write

Question 42

Alexia without agraphia is most often caused by what infarct

Answer 42

PCA

Question 43

Alexia without agraphia causes what visual deficit

Answer 43

Right homonymous hemianopsia
Blocks projections from intact right visual cortex from crossing midline and reaching left angular gyrus (loss of reading using area 39)

Question 44

MNEMONIC FOR DIAGNOSING APHASIAS

Answer 44

Got my big mac with sauce, cheese, avocado

Fries come, right?