Language Production: Speech production and Writing Flashcards
Name a similarity of speech and writing.
Pick one:
- Overall meaning to be communicated.
- Proceeds on a clause by clause basis
- Often in informal contexts
Name a difference of speech and writing.
Pick one:
- Speech is temporary, writing is permanent
- Speakers typically know their audience
- Speakers generally receive feedback in the same moment.
- Speaks have less time to plan
- Writers have time to change what they’ve written
- Speaking is better fitted for social functions
What can lower the cognitive load?
- Syntactic priming
- Preformulation
- Underspecification
Types of speech errors:
- Spoonerisms (switching the initial letters of two words)
- Freudian slips: revealing true intentions?
- Semantic substitution: word with a similar meaning
- Morpheme-exchange errors
What is the spreading activation theory in speech production?
- Nodes vary in activation
- The mental lexicon contains nodes for concepts, words, morphemes and phonemes.
- Insertion rules selection the items for inclusion in the representation.
- After an item is selected, activation immediately reduces to zero
What is anomia?
the impaired ability to name objects
Patients with jargon aphasia…
- speak fairly grammatically
- struggle to find the words they want to say.
- struggle with comprehension.
What is knowledge-telling?
write down with limited planning
What is knowledge-transforming?
Revises text to ensure it fits the author’s intentions
What is knowledge-crafting?
revises text taking the potential readers into account
What is meant by monolingualism?
monolingual only speaks 1 language
What is bilingualism?
speaking more than 1 language, usually simultaneously
How are multiple languages organised in cognition?
Both languages are active in:
- Reading
- Listening
- Planning speech
Language 1 influences Language 2 during acquisition and onwards and Language 2 begins to influence Language 1.
Bilinguals have higher capacity in…
- Inhibition
- Monitoring
- Switching
- Working memory
