Language Production Flashcards
Shift
Sub-word speech error
One speech segment shifts to another place
Phoneme shift
Sub-word speech error
E.g., Chubbly dumpings (chubby dumplings)
E.g., Put the gobe black (globe back)
Morpheme shift
Sub-word speech error
E.g., Put your hand on your heads.
E.g., Did you finish wash outing it?
Exchange
Two units exchange places
Phoneme exchange
E.g., Don’t fake your shinger at me! (shake your finger)
Anticipation
Later unit takes the place of earlier one
E.g., I am tick and tired
Perseveration
Earlier unit takes place of a later one
E.g., He wants his blue blazer black
Addition
Added phonemes/morphemes
E.g., I have a stinking feeling
E.g., I feel like I could blurst
Deletion
Omitted phonemes/morphemes
E.g., I’m not dunk!
E.g., Give me a pacific answer.
Subword speech errors are not _____, but occur in ____
random; regular patterns
Word exchange
E.g., It’s a pleasure for you to introduce me
Deletion
There’s (no) snow there
Word perseveration
E.g., No one except the developer excepted (expected)
Word anticipation
E.g., Did you wash the car wash? (watch)
Word substitution
A word is replaced by an intruder
Semantic substitution
Phonological substitution
Name substitution
Semantic substitution
The intruder is semantically related
E.g., This is my sister, I mean my wife
Phonological substitution
intruder is phonologically related
E.g., It’s a hysterical (historical)
Name substitution
E.g., Terry…. er…. Tom… er… Tabitha!
The Bathtub Effect
beginning and ends of words have special status
Blends
words ‘fuse’ together
E.g., I’m sorry, that stucks (sucks and stinks)
Freud’s theory on speech errors
Slips reveal our repressed thoughts/desires
They result from competing intentions - our intention vs. conflicting thoughts
Motley and Baars (1979)
All male subject
2 conditions: Shock condition - subjects were attached to electrodes and told that mild shocks may be randomly administered
Sexual condition - the experimenter was a pretty and sexily dressed woman.
Given a list, they had to say the word pairs as quickly as they could.
Serial model of linguistic planning
Speech planning involves a series of stages
- Meaning is generated
- Syntactic outline is created; word slots are specified
- Intonation/prosody is generated
- Morphology 1: content words are selected and inserted into the slots
- Morphology 2: affixes and function words are added
- Phonetic segments are specified and leads you to produce the correct word
Assumptions of the serial model of linguistic planning:
Each stage is independent and processes one aspect
Speech errors reflect problems at a certain stage
