Language of the Age of the Crusades Flashcards

1
Q

A semi-nomadic people originally from Central Asia. They had converted to Sunni Islam.

A

Turks

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2
Q

A group of Turks that had adopted Persian culture and language, converted to Sunni Islam, and established an empire.

A

Seljuks

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3
Q

A Turkish dynasty that ruled in Northeast Syria within the Seljuk Empire.

A

Artuqids

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4
Q

A Turkish dynasty that rose to dominance in Northeastern Anatolia.

A

Danishmends

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5
Q

A branch of Islam that the Turks had converted to.

A

Sunni

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6
Q

A branch of Islam that rejected the Sunni interpretation regarding authority.

A

Shia

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7
Q

The ruling dynasty of Egypt until 1171. They were Shia Muslims.

A

Fatimids

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8
Q

The title of the chief political and religious leader of the Islamic community. There was only supposed to be one.

A

Caliph

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9
Q

An Arabic term denoting a military or political leader, it is synonymous with ‘prince’.

A

Emir

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10
Q

A Turkic word denoting a ‘governor’ or ‘guardian’.

A

Atabeg

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11
Q

An Islamic term that means ‘to struggle’ to conform with God’s guidance. It is commonly used to mean ‘Holy War’ although this is a huge simplification.

A

Jihad’

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12
Q

The common name for followers of Western Christianity (and the papacy) in the Medeival period.

A

Latins

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13
Q

The institution of the Bishop of Rome as head of Western/Latin Christianity.

A

Papacy

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14
Q

The relic that Christians believed was the object that Jesus was crucified on.

A

True Cross

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15
Q

A conflict between the Papacy and Latin rulers over who could appoint bishops.

A

Investiture Controversy

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16
Q

This was wielded by the Papacy due to its claim to be the spiritual successor of St. Peter. It was disputed by Eastern Christians.

A

Petrine Authority

17
Q

Religious practices by Christians who were not members of the clergy.

A

Lay Piety

18
Q

A doctrine of military ethics that aimed to ensure that war was morally justifiable to Christians.

A

Just War’

19
Q

Warfare that was permitted and encouraged by a religious authority - a ‘Holy War’.

A

Sanctified Violence

20
Q

A term used by historians to refer to the eastern remnants of the Roman Empire in the Medieval period.

A

Byzantium

21
Q

A Byzantine term refering to the ‘civilised world’. At its centre was Constantinople.

A

Oikoumene

22
Q

The collective term for the five ancient centres of the Christian world.

A

Pentarchy

23
Q

A highly presitgious title for the spiritual leader of one of the ancient Christian centres.

A

Patriarch

24
Q

An Eastern Christian people with their own separate religious traditions.

A

Armenians

25
Q

The site of the tomb where Christians believed that Jesus had been buried and resurrected.

A

Holy Sepulchre

26
Q

A relic that was not part of a saint’s body but was rather an object associated with them.

A

Brandea

27
Q

An object that was believed to be associated with a Christian saint.

A

Relic

28
Q

A term that literally means ‘overseas’ but refers to the Crusader states.

A

Outremer

29
Q

A formal act of condemnation that deprives a person of membership of a Christian community.

A

Excommunication