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13F: Age of the Crusades, 1149-c.1204 > Crusading and the Franks of Outremer, c.1177-1204 > Flashcards

Crusading and the Franks of Outremer, c.1177-1204 Flashcards

1
Q

In which year did Nureddin and Amalric I die and Baldwin IV become king of Jerusalem?

A

1174

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2
Q

Between 1174 and when was Raymond III of Tripoli regent for Baldwin IV of Jerusalem?

A

1176

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3
Q

What killed William of Montferrat in June 1177 leaving Sibylla pregnant with his son?

A

Malaria

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4
Q

Which great victory did Baldwin IV achieve over Saladin in 1177?

A

Montgisard

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5
Q

At which place did Saladin defeat Baldwin IV’s forces in August 1179?

A

Jacob’s Ford

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6
Q

When did Raymond III of Tripoli and Bohemond III of Antioch attempt to force Sibylla to marry Baldwin of Ibelin?

A

Easter 1180

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7
Q

Who was princess Isabella married to in 1183 to remove her from the influence of the Ibelins?

A

Humphrey of Toron

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8
Q

Where did Guy of Lusignan follow Raymond’s advice and avoid battle with Saladin’s forces in September 1183?

A

al-Fule

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9
Q

Saladin’s siege of which Frankish castle was broken by Baldwin IV in November-December 1183?

A

Kerak

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10
Q

Who was granted regency of Jerusalem in 1183 but stripped of it by the end of the year for his alleged cowardice?

A

Guy of Lusignan

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11
Q

Which Frankish baron was particularly provocative in his actions against Muslims?

A

Reynald of Chatillon

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12
Q

Which person succeeded Baldwin IV but died less than one year later in 1186?

A

Baldwin V

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13
Q

What affliction undermined Baldwin IV’s health and kingship?

A

Leprosy

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14
Q

Which group supported Sibylla’s succession to the throne?

A

’Court party’

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15
Q

Which group opposed Guy and Sibylla’s succession?

A

The ‘Pullani’

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16
Q

Which person seized the throne in violation of Baldwin IV’s will in August 1186?

A

Sibylla

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17
Q

Which baron was most opposed to Guy of Lusignan’s kingship?

A

Raymond III of Tripoli

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18
Q

When did Queen Sibylla die outside of Acre undermining Guy’s kingship?

A

July 1190

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19
Q

Which king of Jerusalem was assassinated on the streets of Tyre in April 1192?

A

Conrad

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20
Q

Which person restored unity to the kingdom of Jerusalem by marrying Isabella in May 1192?

A

Henry of Champagne

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21
Q

Which territory was Saladin’s first strategic objective after Hattin?

A

Levantine coast

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22
Q

Where were the Frankish armies marching to relieve when they were attacked at Hattin?

A

Tiberias

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23
Q

At which battle on 4th July 1187 was Jerusalem’s army destroyed?

A

Hattin

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24
Q

Which son of Bohemond III of Tripoli became Count of Tripoli from 1187 until 1233?

A

Bohemond IV

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25
Q

Who successfully defended Tyre after the fall of the kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Conrad of Montferrat

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26
Q

What did Saladin conquer in three months after the battle of Hattin in 1187?

A

Kingdom of Jerusalem

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27
Q

Who defended the city of Jerusalem from Saladin for two weeks in 1187?

A

Balian of Ibelin

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28
Q

Who was the ruler of Jerusalem between 1192 and 1197 that was accidentally defenestrated?

A

Henry of Champagne

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29
Q

Which fourth husband of Queen Isabella ruled as king of Jerusalem from 1197 to 1205?

A

Aimery of Lusignan

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30
Q

Where was there a conflict over the succession that dragged on between 1201 and 1219?

A

Principality of Antioch

31
Q

King Aimery of Lusignan was king of which crusader state in addition to Jerusalem?

A

Cyprus

32
Q

Who travelled to Outremer in 1177 allegedly to join a planned invasion of Egypt?

A

Philip of Flanders

33
Q

Where did Philip of Flanders join an unsuccessful siege on behalf of the prince of Antioch in 1177?

A

Harim

34
Q

Which pope issued the crusading appeal Cor Nostrum in January 1181 to little effect?

A

Alexander III

35
Q

Which famous knight undertook crusading in 1184 to fulfil the vow of his deceased master?

A

William Marshal

36
Q

Who, along with Roger of Mowbray ‘took the cross’ in 1185 in response to Heraclius and the pope’s appeal?

A

Hugh of Beauchamp

37
Q

Which pope from 1181 to 1185 made a largely unsuccessful crusading appeal in 1184?

A

Lucius III

38
Q

Where did the first reinforcements from the West come from after Hattin?

A

Norman Sicily

39
Q

Which Italian city-state sent forces that helped to defend Tyre from Saladin in 1189?

A

Pisa

40
Q

Which tax was raised by Richard I to fund the Third Crusade?

A

Saladin tithe

41
Q

What strategic territory was restored by the Third Crusade?

A

The coast

42
Q

What was guaranteed by the Truce of Jaffa that ended the Third Crusade in 1192?

A

Pilgrim access

43
Q

What was the name of the papal bull issued to launch the Third Crusade?

A

Audita Tremendi

44
Q

Which fortification was Richard I forced to dismantle and surrender due to the truce of Jaffa in 1192?

A

Ascalon

45
Q

At which Third Crusade battle did Richard victoriously attack from the sea?

A

Jaffa

46
Q

Whose death whilst crossing Anatolia destroyed the German part of the Third Crusade?

A

Frederick I

47
Q

Which city was reconquered by the Third Crusade in July 1191 after two years?

A

Acre

48
Q

Which king returned to Europe after the capture of Acre in July 1191?

A

Philip II of France

49
Q

Which city was not captured by the Third Crusade despite two marches?

A

Jerusalem

50
Q

At which battle in September 1191 was Saladin defeated by Richard I’s marching army?

A

Arsuf

51
Q

Which Frankish leader’s kingship was opposed by his barons but supported by Richard I?

A

Guy of Lusignan

52
Q

Which place’s conquest by Richard I in 1191 greatly added to the security of Outremer?

A

Cyprus

53
Q

When did Henry VI of Germany first pledge to lead a crusade to Outremer?

A

March 1195

54
Q

Who commanded the German forces during their crusade of 1197?

A

Henry of Brabant

55
Q

Which wealthy city did the German Crusade of 1197 recapture for the Franks?

A

Beirut

56
Q

The land link between the kingdom of Jerusalem and which crusader state was restored in 1197?

A

County of Tripoli

57
Q

News of whose death led to the collapse of the German Crusade of 1197?

A

Henry VI of Germany

58
Q

Which French noble was the first leader of the Fourth Crusade?

A

Theobald of Champagne

59
Q

Who was a noble of Outremer who left to move to Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade?

A

Stephen of Perche

60
Q

Which former Venetian possession did the Doge demand be recaptured by the Fourth Crusade?

A

Zara

61
Q

Who was the leader of a faction that refused to attack the Zarans and abandoned the Fourth Crusade?

A

Simon de Montfort

62
Q

Which people did the Fourth crusaders approach to provide transportation?

A

Venetians

63
Q

Which event after the Fourth Crusade was an example of how crusading was turned against Christian heretics?

A

Albigensian Crusade

64
Q

How many crusaders arrived at Venice for the Fourth Crusade?

A

c. 12,000

65
Q

Which papal legate refused to condone the Fourth Crusade’s diversion to Zara and left?

A

Peter Capuano

66
Q

Which pope was instrumental in organising support for the Fourth Crusade?

A

Innocent III

67
Q

How did Innocent III respond to the Fourth Crusade’s attacks on Zara and Constantinople?

A

Excommunication

68
Q

Who was the brother of Conrad who ultimately led the Fourth Crusade?

A

Boniface of Montferrat

69
Q

Who was the leader of the Venetians who joined the Fourth Crusade?

A

Enrico Dandalo

70
Q

What factor linked Theobald of Champagne, Louis of Blois and Baldwin of Flanders?

A

Kinship (Crusading pedigrees)

71
Q

How many marks did the Fourth crusader leaders promise to pay the Venetians for the transportation?

A

85,000

72
Q

How many crusaders did the negotiators for the Fourth Crusade at Venice contract for?

A

33,500

73
Q

Which French negotiator and participant wrote an account of the Fourth Crusade?

A

Geoffrey of Villehardouin

13F: Age of the Crusades, 1149-c.1204 (10 decks)

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