Language Disorders in Toddlers & Preschool-Aged Children Flashcards
what age span is toddlerhood
1 1/2 to 2 1/2 years (18-30 months)
What are the language milestones of toddlerhood
vocabulary explosion, emergence of early grammar/syntax
what are the 5 principles of assessment in toddlerhood
family-centered assessment, assess as early in the Childs life as possible, work with a collaborative team of other professionals, involve individuals from the child’s culture, gather an extensive case history, evaluate caregiver-child interactions, make sure hearing has been tested, use multiple measures in assessment, make sure assessment is nondiscriminatory and appropriate
three major milestones in toddlerhood
development of new vocabulary, new communicative functions, Childs level of play
how can we assess vocabulary in formal assessments
standardized (peabody picture vocabulary test, expressive one word vocabulary test) norm-referenced parent report (MacArthur-bates communicative development inventories, MCDIs)
when are the MCDIs administered and what are its parts
16-30 months, pt. 1 parents make words the child says or signs, pt. 2 parent indicate child’s understanding of word forms and the complexity of the child’s multi-word utterances
disadvantages of communicative development inventories
can be subject to bias either up or down, requires literacy skills if we are sending them home with a parent/caregiver, norming sample can be an issue
how do we test receptive vocabulary in an informal assessments
prompt with “lets play with the train” and have them choose it out
how do we test expressive vocabulary in an informal assessment
prompt with “ oh you found a ___” and let them fill in the blank
what are the functions we see in the pre-linguistic stage
behavior regulation, social interaction, joint attention
what additional functions of communication emerge in toddlerhood
ask and answer questions, talk about people/ things not present, negotiate, make jokes, lie
what are the benefits of play
play is how children learn, knowing about children preference, provides information about developmental functioning
what are we looking for in play
how social is the play, what cognitive level is the play, how is language being incorporated into the play
the time before children say their first meaningful words
prelinguistic phase
what age does the prelinguistic phase run from
birth - 15 months approximates
the two parts of the prelinguistic phase
perlocutionary and illocutinary
runs from birth- approximates 9 months and children do not have communicative intent
perlocutionary stage
children are unaware that behaviors affect partners, caregivers respond as if its intentional
perlocutionary stage
during the perlocutionary stage, children generally demonstrate:
eye contact, smiles and vocalization, shared affect, turn- taking/ engaging in routines
t/f the lack of perlocutionary stage behaviors is a red flag for a language disorder
true
what behavior I the key to all early communication intentional or otherwise
eye contact
reductions in eye gaze may be the earliest sign of later risk for what disorder
autism spectrum
t/f children with disabilities may have reduced production of smiles and vocalizations for various reasons
true
what are the two types of shared affect
shared positive affect and protest/shared negative affect
looking at communication partners to share in excitement
shared positive affect
including partners when ‘fussing’ or distressed
protest/ shared negative affect
ability and eagerness to take turns in fun games is a critical part of the emergence of intent because turn-taking games are predictable
turn-taking and routines
list the four behaviors of assessment targets
eye contact, smiles and vocalizations, shared affect, turn-taking and routines
for children who do not demonstrate the behaviors reliably the behaviors become
intervention targets
takes place from approximately 9-15 months
illocutionary stage
when does the illocutionary stage begin
with the emergence of communicative intent
what is communicative intent
children realize they can affect the behavior of others without using words
what behaviors are seen during the illocutionary stage
eye gaze shift, persistence, satisfaction/frustration, change in form of attempt, use of conventional form (words)
what of communication is how the client is communicating
mode
what of communication is why the client is communicating
function
list the 3 functions of communication in the prelinguistic stage
joint attention, behavior regulation, social interaction
when assessing behavior what are we looking for
if the child demonstrating behaviors that indicate intent
when assessing modes what are we looking for
what modes are being used, how often is each being used
t/f gestures do not predict language development
false
when assessing functions what are we looking for
what functions are used, how frequently do each occur
t/f there shouldn’t be an equal representation of the three communicative functions
false
list the parts of a prelinguistic assessment
case history, behavioral observation, criterion-referenced assessment
what do we do to treat prelinguistic clients who need to establish intentionality
help caregivers identify important behaviors and develop parents supportive responses
what do we do to treat prelinguistic clients who have some intentionality
encourage the parent to respond to prelinguistic forms of communication, use evidence based interaction strategies
