Language Development Birth To 3 Years Flashcards
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Preverbal Stage
a) Born with acute sensitivity to sound and rhythm patterns of speech, preference for human voice
b) Gestures and nonverbal methods of communication
d) Important role of caregiver in leading interactions and keeping interactions going (role of relationship)
i) Cultural variation in how a caregiver responds to and interprets preverbal behaviors
(1) i.e. white middle class tend to give much meaning to nonverbal behaviors
ii) diversity in caregiver-child interactions
(1) various methods of socialization can all produce children who are culturally competent in their language
g) Around 6 or 7 months follow gaze and pointing of others to communicate (helps to develop shared meaning)
h) Around 9-10 months use of own gazing and pointing
i) Dyadic interactions–>triadic interactions with objects by the end of 1st year allowing caregiver and child to share meaning and communicate through joint attention
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Reciprocity
at young age (2 months)
(1) Critical for interpersonal communication,
(2) nonverbal behaviors,
(3) vocalizing,
(4) smiling
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Social smile and eye contact
at 2 months become important method of communication
i) Many argue the presence of such at a young age is indicative of innate base of language
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Babbling
i) 4 months
(1) Attempt of the child to play with and master sounds
(2) Helps child learn that they can control their voice box and volume
(3) Canonical babbling
(a) Is repeated strings of consonant-vowel syllables
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gaze and pointing
g) Around 6 or 7 months follow gaze and pointing of others to communicate (helps to develop shared meaning)
h) Around 9-10 months use of own gazing and pointing
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development of shared meaning
follow gaze and pointing of others to communicate (helps to develop shared meaning)
i)Dyadic interactions-> triadic interactions with objects by the end of 1st year allowing caregiver and child to share meaning and communicate through joint attention
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one-word stage
a) Receptive Language appears around 9-10 months
b) Most words/meaning initially only understood in context or with gestures
c) Mostly nouns
i) Names and labels
ii) Most meaningful words (heavy content words)
d) Use of own gaze and pointing to communicate
i) 9-10 months
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two-word sentances
i) Bare bones
ii) Same two word order may mean different things therefore Context, Intonation, and Gestures still IMPORTANT
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two word stage
a) Telegraphic speech
i) Two word combinations
c) Vocab explosion, learning of the various uses of language
f) Language gives toddlers new sense of commonality and relatedness to others
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sense of verbal self
STERN
language helps toddlers develop their sense of verbal self
Language enhances memory function
Language gives toddlers new sense of commonality and relatedness to others
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language acquisition
i) Increases ability to communicate with others and share experiences and meaning
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Vygotsky
language-> cognition-> language
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Piaget
cognition-> language
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innate mechanisms
that provide for the human capacity to learn and use language
a) I.e. Universal grammar/Chomsky?
b) Predictable course of language development
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Language and Culture
a) As a tool for socialization,
i) language development impacted by socialization
ii) The capacity to express oneself is universal, but what can be expressed, by whom, to whom, when and how are all subject to the rules and values of cultural system
b) Great deal of variation in language across cultures and communities and across individuals
c) General pattern of language development but the timing of language milestones can vary between individuals
