language/communication Flashcards
what’s the smallest unit of meaning in language
morpheme
Pragmatics:
the rules for how
language is used
much of ____ competence is underway by childhood, but there is still lots of development to be done within ___ competence
linguistic, communicative
the “content” of language is ___ whereas the “use” of language is ___
semantics, pragmatics
what part of language acquisition is the. hardest to obtain?
syntax
at what age is the cutoff for the “criitcal period”
age 7
kids learn about __ new words per day, and by age __ they’re able to combine words together
3, 3
piaget beleived kids have ___ speech
egocentric
what did piaget mean by children having collective monologues
when two+ individuals are speaking
together, but not for the
purpose of each other
piaget believed kids shifted their speech from ___ speech to ___ speech
egocentric, social
vygotsky thought kids used ___ speech. what is this?
private, speaking aloud to digest what they heard adults are saying, or to work through difficult tasks
private speech drives ___
thinking
vygotsky beleives children shift from taking speech from others, to using private speech, to using ____ speech
inner
research currently aligns with piaget/vygotsky ‘s theory of language in kids
vygotsky
young infants understand turn taking in conversation but do not understand. the concept of taking ___ turns
related
at age 7 only ___ of the turns taken in conversation are related
60%
young children (1-3y) often ____ failed communication, and older children (3-5y) are able to ____ the communication
repeat, repair
within language adaptation, “registers” refers to
diff styles of language associated with particular
settings/roles
t/f all dialects are equally good, and “accurate” forms of
language!
true
when looking at African American English (AAE)/Black
English, __ ___ is actually what is related to their academic success
code switching
bilingualism includes >__% of the population and ~__% of Canadians
50, 20
“Simultaneous”/”Crib”
Bilinguals:
learning 2
languages from birth
“Sequential” Bilinguals:
: learn 1 language first, then a 2nd
t/f bilingual children are better able to detect conversational violations
true
t/f bilingualism is associated with a higher IQ
false
of gestures children know correlate to growth in ____
vocab (nouns)
do children who produce gesture/speech mismatches benefit from instruction on the task
yes
what was the basis of the Novack study. findings? how was it run?
Generally wanted to see if gesturing promotes learning.
taught 3rd grade children to solve math problems using one of 3 techniques. (physical movement of objects, concrete gesturing, abstract gesturing).
all 3 techniques helped, gesture helped most with learning the generalized concepts of the knowledge.
the becker briant study suggest children must learn culturally significant ___ and polite terms such as “trick or treat”
routines
a child describing a specific book he wants his mother to pick out on a book shelf is an example of ____ communication
referential
preschoolers are shown to respond to many ___ requests as requests for action. give an example
indirect
“is your daddy home?”
most likely would respond with going to get their dad
