language and social development Flashcards
1
Q
darwin
A
- how do we live so differently to other animals?
- human culture: we have a high degree of cooperation, create lang etc.
- rachet effect
2
Q
what is the rachet effect?
A
we pass culture onto the next generation
3
Q
theories of human uniqueness
A
- shared intentionality
- natural pedagogy
- cognitive gadgets
4
Q
shared intentionality
A
- joint intentionality at 9 months
- collective intentionality at 3 years
- genetically inherited capacity for it
- rich socio-cultural environment
- executive self-regulation
5
Q
natural pedagogy
A
- infants innate ability to detect infant-directed communication via eye contact, motherese and contingency
- speeds up process of cultural learning
6
Q
cognitive gadgets
A
-newborns have prosocial temperament to engage with others, attentional biases to faces/voices, central processors (associative learning) and executive functions
7
Q
adaptive teaching
A
caregivers respond to most adult-like vocalisations
8
Q
what part of the brain does motherese activate?
A
prefrontal cortex
9
Q
interactive specialisation
A
- simple biases (sensitivity to acoustic properties of primates) + basic brain structure –>infants more likely to attend to important aspects of social environment
- regions of cortex become specialised (cortical specialisation)
10
Q
primary intersubjectivity
A
-dyads respond to each others actions and are aware of each other through responsiveness
11
Q
still face paradigm
A
- 5 months react with extinction burst when caregiver doesn’t respond to their vocalizations
- size of burst –> lang comprehension at 13 months
12
Q
the other race effect
A
- newborns look equally at faces
- 3-4 months: perceptual narrowing - look longer at own race
- novelty preference at 9 months
