individual differences + atypical lang development

Question 1

when do children produce their first words?

Answer 1

10-15 months

-lang ability at 4 predicts later educational achievement

Question 2

bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory

Answer 2

ecology= study of interactions among organisms + environments

• diff levels of environ influence
• parent-child relationship doesn’t exist in social vacuum

Question 3

cultural differences in lang dev

Answer 3

-it isn’t sensible to say a child should speak a certain way if we respect cultural diversity

Question 4

SES

Answer 4

• associated with caregiver lang, child lang and outcomes
• social gradients emerge in infancy - poorer health due to low SES + less access to resources
• responsive only models widen inequalities

Question 5

SES RCT study

Answer 5

contingent talk intervention or dental (control)

• infants vocab growth for low SES
• effect didn’t last to 24 months

Question 6

bilingualism

Answer 6

• more freq than monolingualism
• simultaneously: each parent speaks diff lang
• sequentially: speak diff lang at home vs school
  benefits: improved cognition
  costs: evidence of delay, differ in learning strategies, few studies on trilingual

Question 7

atypical lang development

Answer 7

• DLD
• social communication lang disorder
• deafness

Question 8

DLD - developmental language disorder

Answer 8

• hearing loss/brain injury/ADHD sub group
• 2/30 children
• problems with talking/understanding

Question 9

social communication (pragmatic) disorder

Answer 9

-difficulties with use of verbal + non-verbal lang for social purposes

Question 10

deafness

Answer 10

• sensorineural deafness: hearing loss in inner ear, cochlea

- auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder: sounds received normally but disrupted when travel to brain

Question 11

consequences of language delay

Answer 11

-delays in social cognition, pragmatics (understanding sarcasm)

Question 12

treating deafness

Answer 12

• cochlear implants

- sign language