Language And Occupation, Social Groups Flashcards
Asymmetrical relationships
Non-reciprocal address forms
Acronyms
A word formed from the initial letters of other words
Codes
Restrictive vocabulary
Constraints
(Formulation) how powerful participants expert their authority in conversation
Declaratives
A sentence that makes a statement
Imperatives
(Often disguised as declaratives)
Euphemism
A mild or indirect expression used instead of one that is considered offensive
Convergence
When the speech styles of two or more people move closer to one another
Divergence
When the speech styles of two or more people move away from one another
Field-specific lexis
Vocabulary associated with a particular topic or field
Hypernym/ hyponym
A hypernym is a general word linked in meaning to more specific words (hyponym)
Modal verbs
You may wish to consider
Phatic talk
Socially oriented talk/ small talk
Topic management
The way in which the subject of an interaction is or isn’t controlled
Initiation response feedback
Basic turn-taking structure
Instrumental power
Power linked with institutions and the law
Influential power
Power linked with persuasion and social influence
Jargon
Language not used by a non-specialist
Management speak
Mocking term given to the way in which business people speak
Legalese
Legal register linked with the domain of law
Restricted codes
Many occupations have lexis that is restricted and only used in specific contexts
Occupational register
The technical vocabulary linked with a particular profession or domain
What did Almut Koester study?
He studied phatic talk (personal or social talk that builds bonds between workers). He states that workers needed to be able to establish inter-personal relationships with each-other and have interactions that were not solely based on work-related procedures.
What theory did Howard Giles create?
The accommodation theory: convergence and divergence
What did Hornyak study and when?
In 1994 he found out that the shift from work talk to personal talk is always initiated by the highest-ranking person in the room.
What did Herbert and Straight study and when?
In 1989 they found out that compliments tended to flow from those of higher rank to those of lower rank
