Language And Occupation, Social Groups Flashcards

1
Q

Asymmetrical relationships

A

Non-reciprocal address forms

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2
Q

Acronyms

A

A word formed from the initial letters of other words

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3
Q

Codes

A

Restrictive vocabulary

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4
Q

Constraints

A

(Formulation) how powerful participants expert their authority in conversation

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5
Q

Declaratives

A

A sentence that makes a statement

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6
Q

Imperatives

A

(Often disguised as declaratives)

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7
Q

Euphemism

A

A mild or indirect expression used instead of one that is considered offensive

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8
Q

Convergence

A

When the speech styles of two or more people move closer to one another

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9
Q

Divergence

A

When the speech styles of two or more people move away from one another

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10
Q

Field-specific lexis

A

Vocabulary associated with a particular topic or field

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11
Q

Hypernym/ hyponym

A

A hypernym is a general word linked in meaning to more specific words (hyponym)

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12
Q

Modal verbs

A

You may wish to consider

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13
Q

Phatic talk

A

Socially oriented talk/ small talk

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14
Q

Topic management

A

The way in which the subject of an interaction is or isn’t controlled

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15
Q

Initiation response feedback

A

Basic turn-taking structure

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16
Q

Instrumental power

A

Power linked with institutions and the law

17
Q

Influential power

A

Power linked with persuasion and social influence

18
Q

Jargon

A

Language not used by a non-specialist

19
Q

Management speak

A

Mocking term given to the way in which business people speak

20
Q

Legalese

A

Legal register linked with the domain of law

21
Q

Restricted codes

A

Many occupations have lexis that is restricted and only used in specific contexts

22
Q

Occupational register

A

The technical vocabulary linked with a particular profession or domain

23
Q

What did Almut Koester study?

A

He studied phatic talk (personal or social talk that builds bonds between workers). He states that workers needed to be able to establish inter-personal relationships with each-other and have interactions that were not solely based on work-related procedures.

24
Q

What theory did Howard Giles create?

A

The accommodation theory: convergence and divergence

25
What did Hornyak study and when?
In 1994 he found out that the shift from work talk to personal talk is always initiated by the highest-ranking person in the room.
26
What did Herbert and Straight study and when?
In 1989 they found out that compliments tended to flow from those of higher rank to those of lower rank