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Psych 115 > Language and Lateralization > Flashcards

Language and Lateralization Flashcards

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1
Q

info transfer between two individuals

A

communication

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2
Q

a set of arbitrary sounds, tokens, or symbols can be arranged according to a grammar in order to convey an almost limitless variety of concepts

A

language

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3
Q

all of the rules for usage of a particular language

A

grammar

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4
Q

mental processes that deal with the spatial relationship among objects

A

spatial cognition

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5
Q

specialization of one cerebral hemisphere for a particular intellectual function

A

cerebral lateralization

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6
Q

the tendency for the right and left halves of a system to differ from one another

A

lateralization

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7
Q

an individual whose corpus callosum had been severed, halting communication between the right and left hemispheres

A

split-brain individual

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8
Q

individuals born either partially or totally lacking a corpus callosum

A

callosal agenesis

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9
Q

the simultaneous delivery of different stimuli to the right and left ears

A

dichotic presentation

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10
Q

a test in which stimuli are very briefly exposed in either the left or right visual half field

A

tachistoscope test

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11
Q

a region of superior temporal cortex adjacent to the primary auditory area

A

planum temporale

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12
Q

the perception of emotional tone-of-voice aspects of language

A

prosody

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13
Q

the inability to recognize objects by touching and feeling them

A

astereogenosis

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14
Q

the inability to recognize faces

A

prosopagnosia

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15
Q

a region on the inferior surface of the cortex that has been associated with recognition of faces

A

fusiform gyrus

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16
Q

the inability to recognize objects, despite being able to describe them in terms of form and color

A

agnosia

17
Q

an impairment in language understanding and/or production that is caused by brain injury

A

aphasia

18
Q

a symptom of aphasia that is distinguished by the substitution of a word by a sound, an incorrect word, an unintended word or a neologism

A

paraphasia

19
Q

an entirely novel word, sometimes produced by a person with aphasia

A

neologism

20
Q

talking with considerable effort, short sentences and the absence of the usual melodic character of conversational speech

A

nonfluent speech

21
Q

the inability to write

A

agraphia

22
Q

the inability to read

A

alexia

23
Q

an impairment in the ability to begin and execute skilled voluntary movements, even though there is no muscle paralysis

A

apraxia

24
Q

a region of the frontal lobe of the brain that is involved in the production of speech

A

Broca’s area

25
Q

a language impairment characterized by difficulty with speech production but not with language comprehension

A

nonfluent/Broca’s aphasia

26
Q

partial paralysis involving one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

27
Q

weakness of one side of the body

A

hemiparesis

28
Q

a region of the brain that is involved in the perception and production of speech

A

Wernicke’s area

29
Q

a language impairment characterized by fluent, meaningless speech and little language comprehension

A

fluent/Wernicke’s aphasia

30
Q

the inability to name persons or objects readily

A

anomia

31
Q

a brain region in which strokes can lead to word blindness

A

angular gyrus

32
Q

the total loss of ability to understand language or to speak, read, or write

A

global aphasia

33
Q

the theory proposing that Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area, connected by the arcuate fascicles, specialized in the receptive and expressive aspects of language respectively

A

connectionist model of aphasia

34
Q

a tract believed by some to connect Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area

A

arcuate fasciculus

35
Q

an impairment in the repetition of words and sentences

A

conduction aphasia

36
Q

a modified form of MRI imaging in which the diffusion of water in a confined space is exploited to produce images of axonal fiber tracts

A

diffusion tensor imaging

37
Q

left-hemisphere language zones are motor control systems that are concerned with both the precise production and the perception of the extremely complex movements that go into speech

A

motor theory of language

Psych 115 (10 decks)

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