Language and Lateralization Flashcards
info transfer between two individuals
communication
a set of arbitrary sounds, tokens, or symbols can be arranged according to a grammar in order to convey an almost limitless variety of concepts
language
all of the rules for usage of a particular language
grammar
mental processes that deal with the spatial relationship among objects
spatial cognition
specialization of one cerebral hemisphere for a particular intellectual function
cerebral lateralization
the tendency for the right and left halves of a system to differ from one another
lateralization
an individual whose corpus callosum had been severed, halting communication between the right and left hemispheres
split-brain individual
individuals born either partially or totally lacking a corpus callosum
callosal agenesis
the simultaneous delivery of different stimuli to the right and left ears
dichotic presentation
a test in which stimuli are very briefly exposed in either the left or right visual half field
tachistoscope test
a region of superior temporal cortex adjacent to the primary auditory area
planum temporale
the perception of emotional tone-of-voice aspects of language
prosody
the inability to recognize objects by touching and feeling them
astereogenosis
the inability to recognize faces
prosopagnosia
a region on the inferior surface of the cortex that has been associated with recognition of faces
fusiform gyrus
the inability to recognize objects, despite being able to describe them in terms of form and color
agnosia
an impairment in language understanding and/or production that is caused by brain injury
aphasia
a symptom of aphasia that is distinguished by the substitution of a word by a sound, an incorrect word, an unintended word or a neologism
paraphasia
an entirely novel word, sometimes produced by a person with aphasia
neologism
talking with considerable effort, short sentences and the absence of the usual melodic character of conversational speech
nonfluent speech
the inability to write
agraphia
the inability to read
alexia
an impairment in the ability to begin and execute skilled voluntary movements, even though there is no muscle paralysis
apraxia
a region of the frontal lobe of the brain that is involved in the production of speech
Broca’s area
a language impairment characterized by difficulty with speech production but not with language comprehension
nonfluent/Broca’s aphasia
partial paralysis involving one side of the body
hemiplegia
weakness of one side of the body
hemiparesis
a region of the brain that is involved in the perception and production of speech
Wernicke’s area
a language impairment characterized by fluent, meaningless speech and little language comprehension
fluent/Wernicke’s aphasia
the inability to name persons or objects readily
anomia
a brain region in which strokes can lead to word blindness
angular gyrus
the total loss of ability to understand language or to speak, read, or write
global aphasia
the theory proposing that Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area, connected by the arcuate fascicles, specialized in the receptive and expressive aspects of language respectively
connectionist model of aphasia
a tract believed by some to connect Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area
arcuate fasciculus
an impairment in the repetition of words and sentences
conduction aphasia
a modified form of MRI imaging in which the diffusion of water in a confined space is exploited to produce images of axonal fiber tracts
diffusion tensor imaging
left-hemisphere language zones are motor control systems that are concerned with both the precise production and the perception of the extremely complex movements that go into speech
motor theory of language
