Language and Lateralization

Question 1

info transfer between two individuals

Answer 1

communication

Question 2

a set of arbitrary sounds, tokens, or symbols can be arranged according to a grammar in order to convey an almost limitless variety of concepts

Answer 2

language

Question 3

all of the rules for usage of a particular language

Answer 3

grammar

Question 4

mental processes that deal with the spatial relationship among objects

Answer 4

spatial cognition

Question 5

specialization of one cerebral hemisphere for a particular intellectual function

Answer 5

cerebral lateralization

Question 6

the tendency for the right and left halves of a system to differ from one another

Answer 6

lateralization

Question 7

an individual whose corpus callosum had been severed, halting communication between the right and left hemispheres

Answer 7

split-brain individual

Question 8

individuals born either partially or totally lacking a corpus callosum

Answer 8

callosal agenesis

Question 9

the simultaneous delivery of different stimuli to the right and left ears

Answer 9

dichotic presentation

Question 10

a test in which stimuli are very briefly exposed in either the left or right visual half field

Answer 10

tachistoscope test

Question 11

a region of superior temporal cortex adjacent to the primary auditory area

Answer 11

planum temporale

Question 12

the perception of emotional tone-of-voice aspects of language

Answer 12

prosody

Question 13

the inability to recognize objects by touching and feeling them

Answer 13

astereogenosis

Question 14

the inability to recognize faces

Answer 14

prosopagnosia

Question 15

a region on the inferior surface of the cortex that has been associated with recognition of faces

Answer 15

fusiform gyrus

Question 16

the inability to recognize objects, despite being able to describe them in terms of form and color

Answer 16

agnosia

Question 17

an impairment in language understanding and/or production that is caused by brain injury

Answer 17

aphasia

Question 18

a symptom of aphasia that is distinguished by the substitution of a word by a sound, an incorrect word, an unintended word or a neologism

Answer 18

paraphasia

Question 19

an entirely novel word, sometimes produced by a person with aphasia

Answer 19

neologism

Question 20

talking with considerable effort, short sentences and the absence of the usual melodic character of conversational speech

Answer 20

nonfluent speech

Question 21

the inability to write

Answer 21

agraphia

Question 22

the inability to read

Answer 22

alexia

Question 23

an impairment in the ability to begin and execute skilled voluntary movements, even though there is no muscle paralysis

Answer 23

apraxia

Question 24

a region of the frontal lobe of the brain that is involved in the production of speech

Answer 24

Broca’s area

Question 25

a language impairment characterized by difficulty with speech production but not with language comprehension

Answer 25

nonfluent/Broca's aphasia

Question 26

partial paralysis involving one side of the body

Answer 26

hemiplegia

Question 27

weakness of one side of the body

Answer 27

hemiparesis

Question 28

a region of the brain that is involved in the perception and production of speech

Answer 28

Wernicke's area

Question 29

a language impairment characterized by fluent, meaningless speech and little language comprehension

Answer 29

fluent/Wernicke's aphasia

Question 30

the inability to name persons or objects readily

Answer 30

anomia

Question 31

a brain region in which strokes can lead to word blindness

Answer 31

angular gyrus

Question 32

the total loss of ability to understand language or to speak, read, or write

Answer 32

global aphasia

Question 33

the theory proposing that Wernicke's area and Broca's area, connected by the arcuate fascicles, specialized in the receptive and expressive aspects of language respectively

Answer 33

connectionist model of aphasia

Question 34

a tract believed by some to connect Wernicke's area to Broca's area

Answer 34

arcuate fasciculus

Question 35

an impairment in the repetition of words and sentences

Answer 35

conduction aphasia

Question 36

a modified form of MRI imaging in which the diffusion of water in a confined space is exploited to produce images of axonal fiber tracts

Answer 36

diffusion tensor imaging

Question 37

left-hemisphere language zones are motor control systems that are concerned with both the precise production and the perception of the extremely complex movements that go into speech

Answer 37

motor theory of language