Ch 19 pt 2

Question 1

a sound that is produced for language

Answer 1

phoneme

Question 2

the smallest grammatical unit of a language

a word or meaningful part of a word

Answer 2

morpheme

Question 3

the meaning or interpretation of words and sentences in a language

Answer 3

semantics

Question 4

the grammatical rules for constructing phrases and sentences in a language

Answer 4

syntax

Question 5

the context in which a speech sound is uttered

Answer 5

pragmatics

Question 6

the singsong speech that parents universally use with their babies

Answer 6

parentese

Question 7

the period during development in which an organism can be permanently altered by a particular experience or treatment

Answer 7

sensitive period

Question 8

the tendency to produce speech sounds only in fits and starts, tripping over certain syllables or unable to start vocalizing certain words

Answer 8

stuttering

Question 9

a reading disorder attributed to brain impairments

Answer 9

dyslexia

Question 10

acquired dyslexia in which the person reads a word as another word that is semantically related

Answer 10

deep dyslexia

Question 11

acquired dyslexia in which the person seems to attend only to the fine details of reading and has difficulties restricted to the details and sounds of letters

Answer 11

surface dyslexia

Question 12

a condition of the brain in which small regions are characterized by more gyri than usual

Answer 12

micropolygyria

Question 13

clusters of neurons seen in unusual positions in the cortex of someone suffering from dyslexia

Answer 13

ectopia

Question 14

the recovery of behavioral capacity following brain damage from stroke or injury

Answer 14

recovery of function

Question 15

when damaged neurons regrow their connections

Answer 15

collateral sprouting

Question 16

a cell derived from an embryo that has the capacity to form any type of tissue that a donor might produce

Answer 16

embryonic stem cell

Question 17

a therapy for recovery of limb movement after a stroke or injury, in which the unaffected limb is constrained while the person is required to perform tasks with the affected contralateral limb

Answer 17

constrain-induced movement therapy (CIMT)

Question 18

an injury resulting from a blow to the head and associated with temporary neurological symptoms such as memory loss of other cognitive impairments, pain and visual disturbances

Answer 18

concussion/minor traumatic brain injury (mTBI)

Question 19

the dementia that develops in boxers or other athletes who are subjected to repeat blows to the hear

Answer 19

chronic traumatic encephalopathy