Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Developmental > Language Acquisiton > Flashcards

Language Acquisiton Flashcards

1
Q

Evidence from language acquisition

A

Listening
Speaking
Reading
Spelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Behaviourist - Empiricist

Skinner

A
  • S-R
  • Imitation
  • Reinforcement
  • Shaping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Linguistic - Nativist

Chomsky

A
  • Language Faculty
  • Universal Grammar
  • Innate
  • Switched on by experience
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Skinner was a

A

Behaviourist - Empiricist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chomsky was a

A

Linguistic - Nativist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interaction (Constructivist) Models

A

➢Cognitive Models (Piaget)
•Development, reasoning & environment
•Stages

➢Information-Processing Models (PDP, Connectionist)

➢Social Interaction Models

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Auditory-Visual Characteristics of Language
(Peelle & Davis, 2012
Davies & Johnsrude, 2007)

A

Listening to language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Kisilevsky et al 2003

A

Prenatal learning
Average fetal heart rate for the 2 min prior to voice onset, 2 min of mother’s or stranger’s voice, and 2 min following voice offset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mamas et al 2009

A

1-8 days old cry contours

30 French & 30 German infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Universal listeners

A

discriminate all phonetic units of the world’s languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Language acquisition

A

Listening
Speaking
Reading
Spelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Early learning frames future

A

neural commitment

own language facilitated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Kuhl 2004

A

Universal listeners

Early learning frames future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nazzi, Bertoncini, Mehler 1998

Pre natal Learning

A 
0-5 days old French infants
High Amplitude Sucking Paradigm
   - learning phase (operant conditioning)
   - habituation phase
   - new stimulus (dishabituation)

English v Japanese
(stress timed) (mora timed)

English v Dutch
(stress timed) (stress timed)

(English & Dutch) v (Italian & Spanish)
(stress timed) (syllable timed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kuhl, Kiritani, et al., 1997

A

By 1 year old no longer hear foreign language phonetic contrasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(Tsao Liu & Kuhl, 2004)

Neural Committment

A

Tuning to native language at 6m = improved language growth at 13, 16, 24m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Challenges of learning speech sounds:

A

➢Segmentation

➢Grouping

➢45 different sounds (phonemes) in English

18
Q

Pre speech learning

A

➢stress, intonation, rhythm,
➢vowels,
➢boundaries, phoneme contrasts
➢word order, grammar,

Statistical learning & probability

Sounds, prosody, word order

Prih-tee / prih-bee
is running / can running
Splash / Splaft

19
Q

Segmenting based on properties of language

Saffran 1996

A

“bidakupadotigolabubidaki”

Bida = word (high probability)
Kupa = word boundary (low prob)
Test with words & non-words

8m learn to pair syllables as words i.e. patterns to segment speech

20
Q

Listening route

A

Speech input - Acoustic Analysis- Phonological Lexicon - Semantic Lexicon

21
Q

Lexicons are…

A

Broad but narrow

22
Q

IDS is…

A

Infant-Directed Speech

23
Q

Kuhl, Andruski et al., 1997

IDS

A

(Motherese/Parenteses/Baby talk register/Primary Linguistic Data/Child Directed Speech)

➢Higher pitch
➢Slow tempo, shorter phrases
➢Hyper-articulated
➢Clear category examplars e.g. vowels
➢Simple syntax & semantics
24
Q

Kuhl, Andruski et al., 1997

IDS

A

English
Russian
Swedish

25
Q

Singh, Morgan & Best, 2002

Language input: IDS

A

➢Infants prefer “happy-talk”

➢Depressed mothers show less exaggerated prosody

26
Q

Uther, Knoll, Burnham 2007

A

Compared to adult / foreigner directed speech
➢IDS is higher in pitch
➢IDS comprises more positive affect
➢FDS/IDS exaggerated vowels

27
Q

(Thiessen, Hill & Saffran, 2005)

A

➢Non-word learning, 6-7m

➢Listening times longer for words than part words in IDS

28
Q

Thiessen, Hill & Saffran, 200

A

➢IDS helps word segmentation
➢Segmenting abilities at 6 months predict later vocabulary

➢IDS prosody helps with learning sound-meaning associations (17m)

29
Q

Controversy

Soderstrom (2007), Newport et al (1977), Durkin (1987)

A 
➢Preference or foetal experience?
➢Complexity of IDS
➢Other input (ADS)
➢Non-maternal speakers
➢Preference ceases 7-9m
➢Other environmental cues
30
Q

Tomasello 2003

Controversy

A

Intention reading & pattern finding

31
Q

(Shneidman & Woodward, 2016)

Controversy

A

Directedness vs intentionality or expertise

32
Q

➢Apparent lack of IDS in some cultures
Controversy
Ochs (1985)

A

Samoans reject “child-centeredness”, emphasis on child to do the learning – no speech modifications

33
Q

Apparent lack of IDS in some cultures
Controversy
Heath (1983)

A

Trackton mothers, S.Carolina – reported no CDS or talking to infants but immersed in language, and were addressed.

34
Q

➢Apparent lack of IDS in some cultures
Controversy
Haggan (2002)

A

Kuwaiti mothers adamant they didn’t use CDS. Observations showed they did. Potential input from siblings

35
Q

O’Doherty et al. 2011

Care-giver’s speech

A

Interactive human element improves learning

36
Q

Caregiver-Infant learning: Social Context

A

➢Conversation
➢Joint Attention (9-12m)
➢Communicative pointing (12m)
➢Intentions (18m)

37
Q

Tomasello, 2000

A

Language acquisition

38
Q

Anglin, Miller & Wakefield, 1993

Lexical development

A

6,8,10 year olds vocabulary.

Increasing complexity, syllables, compounds etc.

e.g. lead-er-ship

39
Q

Listening and speaking pathway

A

Speech input - acoustic analysis - phonological buffer - speech out put

Acoustic analysis - phonological lexicon - semantic lexicon

Phonological buffer - phonological lexicon back and forth

40
Q

Kuhl (2004) Early Language Acquisition

A

18m - manipulate language to fit with sounds in repertoire
2y- begin playing with sounds (phonological awareness)
1-7y
articulatory gesture development, grammar development
3y
onset /k/ and rime /aet/ of cat, past tense
4y
similar start sounds, exposure to alphabet feeds phonological awareness
6y
decode into phonemes, 14,000 word vocabulary
8-9y
Subtleties of grammar, 40,000+ words

41
Q

Babbling to word transition

A

Hear and see speech - produce speech - sound, tactile feedback - social feedback

42
Q

Prelinguistic vocal development

A 
Reflexive Vocalisations
0-2 months
Crying, burping, fussing, vowel-like sounds
Cooing Laughing
2-4 months
Coo, goo, back of mouth
Vocal Play
4-6 months
Variety, explore sounds
Canonical babbling
6 months +
C-V syllables with adult-like timing, bababa, bagidubu
Jargon
10 months +
Early speech, sounds, syllables, stress, intonation- conversation
Protowords
12 months +
Made up but resemble adult words, controlled, has meaning.

Developmental (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions