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Linguistics > Language Acquisition > Flashcards

Language Acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

What is involved with the Naturalistic approach to language acquisition in babies?

A
  • Diary studies

- Recording of sample utterances by trained researcher

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2
Q

What is involved with the Experimental approach to language acquisition in babies?

A
  • Comprehension
  • Production
  • imitation
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3
Q

_______ acquired before ________

A

vowels

consonants

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4
Q

______ acquired before other consonants

A

Stops

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5
Q

_______ acquired before _______, ___________, and ___________

A

labials
velars
alveolars
alveolopalatals

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6
Q

________ acquired last

A

Interdentals

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7
Q

_______ sounds acquired before _______

A

Frequent

Infrequent

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8
Q

What are the early phonetic processes of babies?

A
  • Substitution
  • Syllable simplification
  • Assimilation
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9
Q

What is Substitution?

A

The systematic replacement of one sound by another

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10
Q

What is syllable simplification?

A

When under stressed syllables are dropped

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11
Q

What is Assimilation?

A

When one speech sound becomes much like a nearby sound

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12
Q

How do children learn Morphology?

A

By following rules and applying them, not by memorization and imitation

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13
Q

What are the stages that a child goes through when they learn Morphology?

A
  1. Perfection (almost) “Daddy came home”
  2. Over-regularization (frequent) “Daddy comed home”
  3. Perfection (gradual transition to this) “Daddy came home”
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14
Q

Who developed the Wug Test?

A

Jean Burko-Gleason in the 1950’s

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15
Q

Phonological development at 0-8 weeks

A

Only capable of reflexive crying

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16
Q

Phonological development at 8-20 weeks

A

Cooing and laughter appear in child’s vocal expressions

17
Q

Phonological development at 20-30 weeks

A

Child begins to use verbal play with vowels and consonants (trying them out)

18
Q

Phonological development at 25-50 weeks

A

child begins to babble

19
Q

What are the two types of babbling?

A
  • reduplicative babbling (CVCV) ex: baba

- variegated babbling (VCV) ex: adu

20
Q

Phonological development at 9-18 months

A

Child starts to produce melodic utterances (the presence of stress and intonation)

21
Q

Describe the holophrastic utterance phase of Language Acquisition

A
  • This occurs at about 12 months
  • Holophrase=one word
  • One word can be used to indicate things or people
  • Some words can be representative of whole thoughts
22
Q

Describe the two word phrase phase of Language Acquisition

A
  • Occurs between 18-24 months
  • They can use one or two word sentences
    (ex: my book)
23
Q

Describe the telegraphic speech phase of Language Acquisition

A
  • Starts at two years and continues
  • Sentences are adult like in structure but without function words
  • Like a telegram (simplified speech)
24
Q

At what age does a child’s speech typically become mostly adult like in nature?

A

Three years (36 months)

25
Q

Describe “The kid’s Problem” when it comes to innateness

A 
-poor data: people make mistakes when
talking
-inconsistent data: different people use
different dialects
-many different grammars consistent
with the data he hears: the kid has no way
to know what people cant say.
26
Q

Describe the “poverty of the stimulus”

A

The “stimulus” (language) that the child hears doesnt provide enough information to
determine what the details are of the
language the child is learning

27
Q

Language ______ be taught to a child because it is ________ like walking or eating.

A

cannot

innate

28
Q

Why is the theory of imitation in language acquisition shown to be false?

A

Because children are able to say and understand things that they have never been exposed to before.
A major example of this would be the over-regularization that children do (comed, holded, goed)

29
Q

Name the characteristics of innate abilities

A
  • The behavior emerges before it is necessary
  • It is not a result of a conscious decision
  • Not triggered by external events
  • Direct teaching has little effect
  • Has a regular sequence or milestones in development
  • There is a “critical period”
30
Q

When do infants start to say their first words?

A

10-12 months

31
Q

Infants are sensitive to picking up language ______________ birth.

A

Directly after

32
Q

Many experiments confirmed
that at________ infants can
discriminate their native language
from a foreign language!

A

4 days

33
Q

How did the researchers establish
that the infants can discriminate
languages?

A

The standard technique is a habituation- recovery procedure that exploits infants sucking behavior aka HAS (High Amplitude Sucking)

Linguistics (7 decks)

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