Language Flashcards
Phonemes
individual units of sound
Morphemes
smallest meaningful units of a word
Syntax
rules of grammar
Semantics
meanings of words/sentences
Production
being able to produce speech
Auditory Comprehension
Understanding words/information verbally presented
Repetition
ability to repeat what someone says
Expressive Aphasia
Broca’s; trouble coming up with words he wanted to say; Tan
Receptive Aphasia
Wernicke’s; comprehension difficulties
Symptoms of Expressive Aphasia
difficulty with speech production; telegraphic speech; aggramatism; circumlocution; phonemic & semantic paraphasias; mild comprehension deficits; poor repetition
Telegraphic Speech
speak only single words, short phrases, idioms
Aggramatism
function words, suffixes absent; “water floor”
Circumlocation
talking around what you want
Semantic paraphasias
word is related to the intended word; “boy landing down”
Phonetic paraphasias
substitution, addition or rearrangement of speech sounds so that error sounds like the target; “plashing” instead of splashing
Anatomy of Expressive Aphasia
left inferior frontal cortex; anterior to the primary motor cortex (facial movement); premotor cortex
Premotor Cortex (expressive aphasia)
consistent with sequencing deficits (speech –> motor processes); difficulty with phonemes into words and words into sentences
Fluent speech
relatively normal rate, rhythm, and intonation
Neologisms
make up words
Symptoms of Receptive Aphasia
fluent speech; semantic paraphasia; neologisms; poor comprehension; poor reception
Anatomy of Receptive Aphasia
posterior perisylvian region; planum temporale; conceptual link between auditory representations of words with meanings
Conduction Aphasia
normal speech comprehension & production (primary areas intact); isolated difficulty with repetition; phonemic paraphasia; difficulty naming (objects); arcuate fasciculus damaged
What is the arcuate fasciculus involved with?
conduction aphasia
Difficulties with the classical connectionist model of language?
lesions don’t precisely match expected patterns; variability in definition of lesions; aphasias not clearly defined clinically