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Finals Neurology > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

1
Q

Define language

A

Communication of thoughts via different methods (speech, writing, body language etc)

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2
Q

Outline the different cortical areas, their locations & their functions in regard to language

A
  1. Auditory centre [temporal]
    • 1, 2 & 3 relay to Wernickes
  2. Optic areas
    1. 1 (retrieve), 2 (analyse) & 3 (recognise) relay to Wernickes
  3. Wernickes area [posterior section of superior temporal gyrus, broadmann 22, temporal & parietal]
    • ‘Listen/ recieve’ & understanding language
    • Damage = Sensory/ Wernickes aphasia
      • Cant comprehend, read or repeat
      • Speak & write fluently with no sense
  4. Transcortical sensory area [around Wernickes]
    • Helps wernickes in understanding
    • Damage = Transcortical sensory aphasia
      • Cant understand speech or writing
      • Can repeat them fluenty
  5. Arcuate Fasiculus [connects Wernickes & Brocas]
    • Allows the recieved item (Wernickes) to be produced (Brocas)
    • Damage = Transduction aphasia
      • Cant repeat
      • Can read & comprehend, and write & speak, but cant repeat!
  6. Brocas area [frontal love, brodmanns 44/45]
    • Allows output (speech)
    • Damage = Motor/ Brocas aphasia
      • Cant speak or write fluenty (brocas broken speech)
      • Cant repeat
      • CAN read & comprehend
  7. Transcortical motor aphasia [around Brocas]
    • Creates senseful output
    • Damage = Transcortical motor aphasia
      • Created speech is broken/ delayed
      • CAN repeat fluenty, comprehend & read
  8. Damage to Wernickes & Brocas = Global aphasia
    • Cant do anything.. Can’t listen’ to input or produce ‘output’
  9. Damage to sensory & motor transcortical areas = Mixed transcortical aphasia
    • CAN repeat
    • Everything else impaired
  10. Naming area
    • Recalls names only
    • Damage = nominal aphasia
      • Cant name things!
      • Can recognise, read, comprehend, repeat, speak fluenty & write
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3
Q

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Wernickes area

A

Sensory/ Wernickes aphasia

  • Cant comprehend, read or repeat
  • Speak & write fluently with no sense
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4
Q

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Arcuate fasiculus

A

Damage = Transduction aphasia

  • Cant repeat
  • Can read & comprehend, and write & speak, but cant repeat!
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5
Q

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Naming area

A

Damage = nominal aphasia

  • Cant name things!
  • Can recognise, read, comprehend, repeat, speak fluenty & write
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6
Q

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Transcortical motor area

A

Damage = Transcortical motor aphasia

  • Created speech is broken/ delayed
  • CAN repeat fluenty, comprehend & read
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7
Q

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Brocas area

A

Damage = Motor/ Brocas aphasia

  • Cant speak or write fluenty (brocas broken speech)
  • Cant repeat
  • CAN read & comprehend
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8
Q

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Transcortical sensory area

A

Damage = Transcortical sensory aphasia

  • Cant understand speech or writing
  • Can repeat them fluenty
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9
Q

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Wernickes & Brocas area

A

Global aphasia

  • Cant do anything.. Can’t listen’ to input or produce ‘output’
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10
Q

Outline the presentation if there damage to the transcortical motor & sensory area

A

Mixed transcortical aphasia

  • CAN repeat
  • Everything else impaired
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11
Q

A patient can’t name things only, wheres the damage?

A

Damage to naming area = nominal aphasia

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12
Q

A patient can repeat, but cannot comprehend, read or speak or write fluently, wheres the damage?

A

Damage to arcuate fasiculus = Mixed transcortical aphasia

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13
Q

A patient cant comprehend or read, repeat, or speak or write fluently, wheres the damage?

A

Damage to Wernickes & Brocas +/- arcuate fibres = Global aphasia

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14
Q

A patient is speaking in broken language, but can read and comprehend, but cant repeat, wheres the damage?

A

Brocas area = motor/ brocas aphasia

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15
Q

A patient has broken & delayed speech, but can repeat fluently, comprehend and read, wheres the damage?

A

Transcortical motor aphasia

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16
Q

A patient can repeat but cant understand speech or writing, wheres the damage?

A

Transcortical sensory aphasia

17
Q

A patient can read & comprehend, and write & speak, but cant repeat, wheres the damage?

A

Arcuate fasiculus - transduction aphasia

18
Q

A patient cant comprehend, read or repeat, but can speak & write nonsensicly, wheres the damage?

A

Sensory/ Wernickes aphasia

19
Q

Define dysphonia

A

Impairment in producing voice sounds using vocal organs (phonation disorder)

20
Q

Define Dysarthria

A

Motor speech disorder causing poor articulation of phonemes

Damage anywhere from brocas to mouth to cerebellum to cranial nerves that control muscles

Finals Neurology (40 decks)

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