Language

Question 1

1. What is prosody
2. true or false - people with damage to right hemisphere, who can’t comprehend language, also can’t extract information form prosody

Answer 1

1. The rhythm, emphasis & tone of your speech -
   2.FALSE - prosody is processed on the left side of the brain, so people with right hemisphere damage can still extract info from people’s tone of voice

Question 2

Damage to which hemisphere may impact someone’s difficulty with understanding the literal meaning of words?

Answer 2

left hemisphere

Question 3

1. What is phonagosia
2. Which area of the brain is damaged

Answer 3

1. The inability to recognize people’s voices
2. damage to right cerebral cortex (temporal lobe)

Question 4

Which part of Suzy’s brain is damaged if she can’t understand metaphorical language

Answer 4

right hemisphere

Question 5

For all types of aphasia, which general part of the brain is damaged

specify the artery

Answer 5

The middle cerebral artery in the left hemisphere

Question 6

What does the fusiform gyrus in the right hemisphere process

Answer 6

face perception

Question 7

1. Where is the VWFA (visual word form area) located?
2. what is its general function

Answer 7

1. fusiform gyrus in the left hemisphere
2. word recognition/reading

Question 8

1. Damage in which part of the brain causes pure word alexia
2. What’s the main effect of pure word alexia

Answer 8

1. damage in the VWFA
2. They have pure words blindness - they can’t read because they can’t recognize the words (they can write, but they wouldn’t be able to read back what they wrote)

Question 9

What’s the model of reading process once you see a word (there’s 2 dimensions)

Answer 9

☆ Whole word recognition [responsible for whole word reading] - used for more familiar words
☆ Letter recognition [responsible for phonetic reading] - used for non-familiar words and non words (gob, trisk) ~uses phonetic coding

Question 10

1. If Yasmine’s left V1 area is damaged (can’t see from right eye) but her VWFA is still intact, could she still read in her left peripheral vision?

Answer 10

Yes, because her corpus callosum is still intact and it can send the necessary information over

Question 11

Ben has surface dyslexia
1. Which dimension of the reading process model is impaired
2. What can’t Ben do

Answer 11

1. Whole-word reading is damaged
2. Ben can’t recognize whole words, but he can still read phonetically. Irregularly spelled words like yacht are especially difficult to read because he can’t sound them out

Question 12

what are the most reliable cues (types of letters, characteristics) for object recognition when reading

Answer 12

Corners are most reliable - where lines meet at vertices, forming junctions with particular shapes, such as L, T, and X

Question 13

Mai has phonological dyslexia
1. Which dimension of the reading process is damaged
2. What can’t Mai do

Answer 13

1. Phonetic reading is damaged
2. She can read familiar words but has difficulty reading unfamiliar words or non-words

Question 14

Steven had a stroke and now has direct dyslexia.
1. What part of the brain is damaged
2. What can’t he do

Answer 14

1. There’s a disconnect between VFWA and the posterior language area
2. Although Steven can read out loud, he can’t extract meaning from written words

Question 15

1. What does it mean if someone’s aphasia is receptive
2. What does it mean if someone’s aphasia is fluent

Answer 15

1. Receptive aphasia - inability to understand words that are heard, read, or signed
2. “Speaking” fluently without actually saying anything meaningful (word salad)

Question 16

1. What areas of the brain are damaged in Wernicke’s aphasia
2. True or false - Wernicke’s aphasia is fluent (word salad) but not receptive

Answer 16

1. Wernicke’s area and posterior language area are damaged
2. False, Wernicke’s aphasia is both fluent (people speak in word salad) and receptive (can’t understand what is said to them)

Question 17

1. Wernicke’s aphasia is a combo of _______ and ______
2. Do ppl with this aphasia still use prosody

Answer 17

1. Wernicke’s aphasia is a combo of transcortical aphasia and pure word deafness
2. yes the use prosody

Question 18

Shery has pure word deafness
1. What is it caused by
2. What can she do
3. What can’t she do

Answer 18

1. caused by damage in tiny spot of Wernicke’s area
2. she can hear & interpret non-word sounds (doorbell, braking). She can also read lips, read, write and speak intelligently
3. She can’t understand spoken words (when other people speak to her or when she speaks)

Question 19

1. What area of the brain joins the concept of a something (ex. concept of a dog) with the language used to describe something (language used to understand/express dog)
2. Where is this area located

Answer 19

1. Posterior language area (interface between concept of something & language representation)
2. Located at the junction of the temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes

Question 20

Why is it that people with a damaged posterior language area can hear words without understanding and speak in “word salads” (speak without saying anythig meaningful)?

Answer 20

Because it’s possible to hear and speak words while bypassing the posterior language area, which makes it that you don’t actually understand anything - you just rely on your memory of words

Question 21

What’s the main difference between transcortical sensory aphasia and Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 21

People with transcortical aphasia can repeat after people: those with wernicke’s aphasia can’t.

Question 22

Elia has transcortical sensory aphasia.
1. What can’t she do
2. What can she do
3. What part of the brain is damaged

Answer 22

1. She can’t comprehend the meaning of words (written or spoken) and she can’t produce meaningful speech
2. She can speak (limited), she can repeat and she can read & write (without understanding)
3. Her posterior language area is damaged

Question 23

1. Where’s the arcuate fasciculus located ?
2. What is it useful for?

Answer 23

1. It’s the axon that connects Wernicke’s area with Broca’s area
2. It allows ppl to repeat words they don’t understand

Question 24

René has conduction aphasia.
1. What can she do
2. What can’t she do
3. What part of the brain is damaged

Answer 24

1. She can speak normally and she can comprehend
2. She can’t repeat words: of asked a familiar word like “house” she might say “home”, but if she’s presented a word like “fatres” she can’t repeat bc she has no meaning to associate it to
   3.The arcuate fasciculus is damaged

Question 25

Dan has Broca’s aphasia.
1. What part of the brain is damaged?
2. What does his speech sound like?
3. Can he understand what people say to him?

Answer 25

1. Broca’s area in the left inferior frontal lobe is damaged.
2. His speech is slow and laborious: he has agrammatism, articulation problems and anomia
3. He can understand what people say to him - he’s frustrated by his condition

Question 26

What is Broca’s area’s function

Answer 26

It’s the area that plans out how to move the mouth and speak verbally
It’s also in charge of word choice, sequencing, grammar and articulation

Question 27

What is anomia and circumlocution

Answer 27

1. Anomia - Difficulty finding the appropriate word to describe an object, action, or attribute
2. Circumlocution - How people with anomia speak - they find other ways to say something when they can’t think of most appropriate word

Question 28

Frank has anomic aphasia
1. Can he understand what people say to him
2. Can he repeat after others
3. He uses _____ to speak

Answer 28

1. He can understand
2. he can repeat after others
3. He uses circumlocution a lot to speak, because he often can’t find the right word