Language Flashcards

1
Q

what is language?

A
  • Language is a cognitive system for communication which connects external stimuli (speech, sign, writing) with internal representations (meaning, concepts)
  • Speech is a mechanical process in the service of language, involving articulation and phonation etc.
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2
Q

Sub-components of language

A

– Phonology: speech sounds and their mental representation
– Morphology: words and word structure, stored in the mental lexicon
– Syntax: Sentence structure
– Semantics: Word and sentence meaning

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3
Q

broca’s aphasia

A
  • First localization of language function in the brain (1861)
  • “Expressive Aphasia” Slow, non- fluent speech and short utterances
  • Traditionally associated with language production
  • Understanding relatively intact, but some problems with complex linguistic structure: “Agrammatism”
  • Associated with damage to the posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus
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4
Q

speech disorders

A

– Aphasia: Language problems as a result of brain damage – Anomia: Inability to name objects
– Dysarthria: Loss of control over articulatory muscles
– Speech Apraxia: Problems programming articulations

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5
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A
  • “Receptive Aphasia”
  • Language comprehension difficulties
  • Fluent, but often nonsensical speech
  • Common use of paraphrase
  • Damage at the boundary of the left temporal and parietal lobes
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6
Q

Conduction Aphasia

A
  • Damage to arcuate fasciculus (bundle of nerves connecting Wernicke’s and Broca’s area)
  • Cannot repeat words
  • Disconnect comprehension from production
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7
Q

classic model of language

A

A – Storage of word sounds (Wernicke’s area)

M – Speech planning and programming (Broca’s Area) B – Conceptual/semantic stores of word meanings

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