Language Flashcards
1
Q
what is language?
A
- Language is a cognitive system for communication which connects external stimuli (speech, sign, writing) with internal representations (meaning, concepts)
- Speech is a mechanical process in the service of language, involving articulation and phonation etc.
2
Q
Sub-components of language
A
– Phonology: speech sounds and their mental representation
– Morphology: words and word structure, stored in the mental lexicon
– Syntax: Sentence structure
– Semantics: Word and sentence meaning
3
Q
broca’s aphasia
A
- First localization of language function in the brain (1861)
- “Expressive Aphasia” Slow, non- fluent speech and short utterances
- Traditionally associated with language production
- Understanding relatively intact, but some problems with complex linguistic structure: “Agrammatism”
- Associated with damage to the posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus
4
Q
speech disorders
A
– Aphasia: Language problems as a result of brain damage – Anomia: Inability to name objects
– Dysarthria: Loss of control over articulatory muscles
– Speech Apraxia: Problems programming articulations
5
Q
Wernicke’s aphasia
A
- “Receptive Aphasia”
- Language comprehension difficulties
- Fluent, but often nonsensical speech
- Common use of paraphrase
- Damage at the boundary of the left temporal and parietal lobes
6
Q
Conduction Aphasia
A
- Damage to arcuate fasciculus (bundle of nerves connecting Wernicke’s and Broca’s area)
- Cannot repeat words
- Disconnect comprehension from production
7
Q
classic model of language
A
A – Storage of word sounds (Wernicke’s area)
M – Speech planning and programming (Broca’s Area) B – Conceptual/semantic stores of word meanings