Lanette's Drug Talk

Question 1

benzos include what two drug types?

Answer 1

Midazolam and Diazepam

Question 2

What drugs are usually safe with minimal CV and resp. effects but some CNS depression esp. young p

Answer 2

benzodiazepines

Question 3

What are benzos (mid and diazepam) good for?

Answer 3

used for pediatric or neonatal (less than 6 weeks old), use for muscle relaxers, great ability to lower induction agents and maintenance. Use as tranquilizer onlyyyy in super young

Question 4

what drug is non reversible and MOA is BLOCKS alpha 1 and vasodilates because of this and therefore reduces cardiac output (CO) with main side effect being hypotension?

Answer 4

Acepromazine

Question 5

You should not use ace in what p?

Answer 5

HCM cats, brachycephalic p/any p with high vagal tone, shock p
and be careful in stallions bc can cause penile prolapse and be careful in boxers bc can cause bradycardia

Question 6

What drug can you use as regional technique, single dose, or CRI???

Answer 6

Alpha 2’s

Question 7

What are the side effects of alpha-2’s?

Answer 7

bradycardia (both centrally and as a secondary response which is reflex bradycardia from vasoconstriction from the receptors in the heart that measure systemic vascular resistance called baroreceptors) can cause bradycardia on its own OR in response to peripheral vasoconstriction.

Question 8

What can be used to reverse alpha-2’s?

Answer 8

Atipamezole

Question 9

What is buprenorphine? What is its MOA?

Answer 9

partial mu agonists; slow onset and long duration. Mild or mod. analgesia,

Question 10

Why can we use butorphanol and have stick with it?

Answer 10

has higher affinity for the mu receptor, latches on and does not let go until its metabolized and that sucks in cases where your patient is still in pain and cannot use full mu because the receptor is still being used by buprenorphine

Question 11

Butorphanol is a ____ agonist and a _____ antagonist

Answer 11

kappa agonist and a mu antagonist

Question 12

What are the full mu agonists?

Answer 12

Morphine, fent, hydromorphone, methadone

Question 13

What mu agonist has shortest duration and lasts 30 mins?

Answer 13

Fentanyl

Question 14

What drug do we not use for pain in a p that has high intracapsular pressure, upper airway occlusion patients, hydrocephaly, brachycephalic breeds?

Answer 14

Hydromorphone

Question 15

What pain med has a longer duration of 4-6 hours and is very $$$ but we use it a lot esp in p where we do not want them to vomit or pant

Answer 15

Methadone

Question 16

Reversal of opioids:

Answer 16

nalaxone

Question 17

what is the MOA of propofol?

Answer 17

GABA agonist
causes vasodilation

Question 18

what drug is use for calming the p without providing complete sedation and NO pain control with side effect of hypotension/reduction of CO and is NOT okay in shock p bc of this?

Answer 18

acepromazine

Question 19

what cases is ace very unsafe in?

Answer 19

Shock (any kind of shock), HCM, bracycephalics (already have high vagal tones), septic, blood clotting disorders

Question 20

do not use what drug in p that already has high intracapsular pressure, upper airway occulsion, or hydrocephaly, or brachycephalic breeds?

Answer 20

hydromorphone

Question 21

what can be used as a partial reversal for a full mu opioid?

Answer 21

butorphanol

Question 22

what drug causes muscle rigidity so we also have to use a muscle relaxant also (benzo + guaifensin or prop)?

Answer 22

ketamine

Question 23

what drug can help with pain, sedate, and fully induce?

Answer 23

ketamine

Question 24

an aggressive animal may override this drug____ but not this one ____

Answer 24

may override alpha-2’s but cannot override ketamine

Question 25

lidocaine dose CRI and good effects that it has on our p?

Answer 25

Doses of lidocaine 50-150 mcg/kg/minute

free radical scavenger, can increase GI motility, can be used as Class 1B antiarrhythmic, cheap, lowers MAC, bumps up opioid because synergistic

Question 26

What is the level of pain in order from least to most???

Answer 26

ST, muscle, bone, nerves

Question 27

MAC for iso

Answer 27

1.3-1.6

Question 28

MAC for Sevo

Answer 28

2.4-2.6

Question 29

What drug is a neurosteroid

Answer 29

Alfaxalone