Landscape and visual

Question 1

Aesthitic perception

Answer 1

Visual
Sound
Smell
Tactility

Question 2

Landscape is important

Answer 2

essential part of our natural resource base

reservoir or archaeological and histroical evidence
envt for plants and animals (including humans)

a resource that evokes sensual, cultural and spiritual responses and contributes to our urban and rural quality of life

a valuable recreation resources

Question 3

Landscape

Answer 3

landcape impacts: changes in the fabric character and quality of the landscape as a result of a development

direct impact: upon specific landscape elements

subtler effects: upon the overall patterns of elements that give rise to

Question 4

Visual

Answer 4

Visual impacts: relate soley to chages in availabel views the landscape and the effect of those changes on people

the direct impacts of the development upon views of the landscape through intrusion or obstruction

overal impact of visual amenity, be it degradation or enhancement

the reaction of viewers who may be affected

Question 5

Landscape impacts

Answer 5

landscape elements
local distinctiveness
regional context
special interests

Question 6

Factors that contribute to the landscape

Answer 6

physical, human, aesthetic, associations

Question 7

Visual impacts

Answer 7

views, viewers visual amenity

Question 8

elements

Answer 8

individual elements that make up the landscape, incl prominent or eye catching features i.e. hills, valleys, woods, trees, hedges, songs, buildings and roads. can be easily described

Question 9

Charsateristics

Answer 9

elements or combinations of elements that make a particular contribution to the character of the area incl tranquility and wildness

Question 10

character

Answer 10

distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occurs consistently in a particular type of landscape and how this i perceived by people

Question 11

Lake district elements, characteristics, character

Answer 11

elements: small field, stone walls, trees in lowlands, bare rock and open uplands, lakes, farms and small villages
characteristics: remoteness, open space, low population

Character: combination of elements as oboe; cultural associations.

Question 12

Landscape designations

Answer 12

area of outstanding natural beauty (40 in england and wales. 18% of land area designated by natural england)

national parks (14 in the UK)

world heritage sites (designated by UNESCO- 27 in the UK)

others, some cross referencing with additional elements of cultural heritage

policy context

Question 13

Assessing landscape and visual impact

Answer 13

landscape elements and features directly affected by development

landscape features include- topography, geology, drainage, vegetation and cultural features.

visual receptors incl types and numbers of viewers affected duration and seasonal screening

Question 14

factors to include in assessment of landscape and visual impact

Answer 14

scale and character- landscape with medieval strip field and enclosures are of more important character than those with large modern fields

condition and importance- land management, grazing, erosion, associated with designation.

sensitivity (landforms and settlements)

change/enhancment potential- new elements? reduce eliminate others? improve landscape quality?

visual analysis- following the field survey present extent to which development will be visible from surrounding areas and viewpoints (zone of visual intrusion)

Question 15

assessing impacts

Answer 15

ID all potential landscape visual impacts

predict & estimate magnitude

receptors may include:
viewers of landscape i.e. residents

specific landscapes elements i.e. coastline hilltops

other cultural interests or valued landscapes i.e. historic gardens and landscapes

areas of distinctive landscape character

Question 16

impact description

Answer 16

plans/maps of zone of visual intrusion

plans maps of impact from different areas

photos from key viewpoints

digital photomontages and overlays

virtual environments

sketches of development in situ

sketches in alternative locations

Question 17

significance: judgement based on

Answer 17

sensitivity and importance of the affected landscape and visual resources

impact magnitude

determination of whether impacts are adverse or beneficial

professional judgement

the views expressed through consultation

Question 18

objective

to

subjective

Answer 18

measurebale facts

professional judgment

public preference

character assessment

quality assessment

scenic beauty

Question 19

methodology

Answer 19

ID area of visual intrusion and view points

photomontages

balloon tests to verify heights

assess impacts and significance against established guidelines

Question 20

mitigation

Answer 20

landscaping and nature conservation

mound between terminal and creek

tree planting along perimeter road and broad belts of woodland

creek to recreate a shoreline and buffer the impact

raising Hythe bund 3-9m to 12 m with acoustic fence and woodland planting on upper slopes

Question 21

conclusion (dibden landscape)

Answer 21

slight effect on the new first but visible over a large area

proposal reinstate the transition from forces to the shore

lighting an light pollution- 24 hour operation, designs to minimise light pollution

landscape and nature conservation= will be dark in the night time

add to exsisting light pollution or sky glow.

fre indidivudal locations close to the operational area there will be s substation ally adverts impact (residential houses, gold course)

Question 22

Summary

Answer 22

Digital technology has revolutionised this discipline
The subject retains a high degree of subjectivity
Landscape evaluation interacts with other elements of cultural heritage, and other environmental elements

What are ‘landscape’ and ‘visual’ assessment?
What sort of baseline data (including designations)?
How are they assessed?
As usual…case studies?