Landscape and visual Flashcards
Aesthitic perception
Visual
Sound
Smell
Tactility
Landscape is important
essential part of our natural resource base
reservoir or archaeological and histroical evidence
envt for plants and animals (including humans)
a resource that evokes sensual, cultural and spiritual responses and contributes to our urban and rural quality of life
a valuable recreation resources
Landscape
landcape impacts: changes in the fabric character and quality of the landscape as a result of a development
direct impact: upon specific landscape elements
subtler effects: upon the overall patterns of elements that give rise to
Visual
Visual impacts: relate soley to chages in availabel views the landscape and the effect of those changes on people
the direct impacts of the development upon views of the landscape through intrusion or obstruction
overal impact of visual amenity, be it degradation or enhancement
the reaction of viewers who may be affected
Landscape impacts
landscape elements
local distinctiveness
regional context
special interests
Factors that contribute to the landscape
physical, human, aesthetic, associations
Visual impacts
views, viewers visual amenity
elements
individual elements that make up the landscape, incl prominent or eye catching features i.e. hills, valleys, woods, trees, hedges, songs, buildings and roads. can be easily described
Charsateristics
elements or combinations of elements that make a particular contribution to the character of the area incl tranquility and wildness
character
distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occurs consistently in a particular type of landscape and how this i perceived by people
Lake district elements, characteristics, character
elements: small field, stone walls, trees in lowlands, bare rock and open uplands, lakes, farms and small villages
characteristics: remoteness, open space, low population
Character: combination of elements as oboe; cultural associations.
Landscape designations
area of outstanding natural beauty (40 in england and wales. 18% of land area designated by natural england)
national parks (14 in the UK)
world heritage sites (designated by UNESCO- 27 in the UK)
others, some cross referencing with additional elements of cultural heritage
policy context
Assessing landscape and visual impact
landscape elements and features directly affected by development
landscape features include- topography, geology, drainage, vegetation and cultural features.
visual receptors incl types and numbers of viewers affected duration and seasonal screening
factors to include in assessment of landscape and visual impact
scale and character- landscape with medieval strip field and enclosures are of more important character than those with large modern fields
condition and importance- land management, grazing, erosion, associated with designation.
sensitivity (landforms and settlements)
change/enhancment potential- new elements? reduce eliminate others? improve landscape quality?
visual analysis- following the field survey present extent to which development will be visible from surrounding areas and viewpoints (zone of visual intrusion)
assessing impacts
ID all potential landscape visual impacts
predict & estimate magnitude
receptors may include:
viewers of landscape i.e. residents
specific landscapes elements i.e. coastline hilltops
other cultural interests or valued landscapes i.e. historic gardens and landscapes
areas of distinctive landscape character
impact description
plans/maps of zone of visual intrusion
plans maps of impact from different areas
photos from key viewpoints
digital photomontages and overlays
virtual environments
sketches of development in situ
sketches in alternative locations
significance: judgement based on
sensitivity and importance of the affected landscape and visual resources
impact magnitude
determination of whether impacts are adverse or beneficial
professional judgement
the views expressed through consultation
objective
to
subjective
measurebale facts
professional judgment
public preference
character assessment
quality assessment
scenic beauty
methodology
ID area of visual intrusion and view points
photomontages
balloon tests to verify heights
assess impacts and significance against established guidelines
mitigation
landscaping and nature conservation
mound between terminal and creek
tree planting along perimeter road and broad belts of woodland
creek to recreate a shoreline and buffer the impact
raising Hythe bund 3-9m to 12 m with acoustic fence and woodland planting on upper slopes
conclusion (dibden landscape)
slight effect on the new first but visible over a large area
proposal reinstate the transition from forces to the shore
lighting an light pollution- 24 hour operation, designs to minimise light pollution
landscape and nature conservation= will be dark in the night time
add to exsisting light pollution or sky glow.
fre indidivudal locations close to the operational area there will be s substation ally adverts impact (residential houses, gold course)
Summary
Digital technology has revolutionised this discipline
The subject retains a high degree of subjectivity
Landscape evaluation interacts with other elements of cultural heritage, and other environmental elements
What are ‘landscape’ and ‘visual’ assessment?
What sort of baseline data (including designations)?
How are they assessed?
As usual…case studies?
