EIA and Sustainbale Development Flashcards
Sustainable development
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs- bundtland 1987
Social, economic, envt
Where does EIA fit in?
Rio declaration on Environment and development - in order to achieve sustainable development environmental protection shall continue an integral part of the development process and cannot be considered in isolation from it
firmly establish link between envt and development
SD- existing harmful developments must be managed by new developed must be deigned to have smallest practicable negative impacts or even positive ones.
Key elements
precautionary principle
ecological limits
intra and inter generational equity
partnerships and participation
accountability and participation
accountability and transparency
strategic issues and cumulative effects
Off shore hydrocarbon - project Mozambique
one of world poorest countries
possibly rich if offshore oil and gas
Mozambique
extremely low socioeconomic base
rich biological diversity
newly formed policies, legislation and institution with regard to exploitation of mineral resources and environmental protection
wealth of mineral resources - some of which are already being exploited
hydrocarbons? what else supported by ecosystem?
challenges of exploration for HC resources in one of the most unspoiled marine envy in the world
supports extensive subsistence livlihoods
alternative economic activities such as tourism which forms a cornerstone of present day and economy
Ecology, tourism and fisheries
ecologically important coastal and marine habitats; beached, mud flats, extensive mangrove forests, coral reefs and open waters
breeding, nesting and foraging marine turtles and mammals ie whales and dolphins
DUGONS (largest remaining viable population in the Westen Indian Ocean Region)
bazaruto national park
toursim- developed into important component of community
bazarunto has been identified as a priority fr tourism investment in Mozambique
coastal and mine envy supports livelihood of impoverished inhabitants
marine resources as a food source
semi industrial and industrial fisheries
Project
Seismic surveys followed by exploration drilling and well testing activities = 10 000 km2
SIA generally conducted in respects of single activities - seismic survey or drilling activities
similarly they are conducted in respect of well defined geographical areas
EIA combined the assessment of 2 diff exploration activities
for two different environments (shallow and deep waters)
Precautionary principle
scoping phase- information gaps :
threatened resident dugong population
sensitive artisanal fishery
extent and importance of local tourism sector
EIA recommended ecpolration in shallow be abandoned until additional infmoration could be sourced
recommendation was accepted and before EIAreport was completed proponent commtted to postpone shallow water seismic exploration activities until additional information had been obtained
extensive effects monitoring during implementation phase
year long study on the local dugong population
fish catch monitoring and dugong research= shallow water area formed critical habitat
studies recommend that no expoloration activities be undertaken in shallow water area
ecological limits
seismic noise limits- interfer with marine mammal communication, startle or result in physical damage to fauna
recommendation: spatial mitigation and temporal mitigation
followed by monitoring activities during implementation phase
Intra and inter generational equity
compensation was paid to all stakeholders that lodged claims directly added by deep water 3D seismic survey activity
misunderstanding: compensation procedures could have been more adequately explained
ensure local communities benefit from revenue generated
EIA recommended local benefits are derived from appropriate social investment projects- health, education and sanitation etc
oppuntities for future generations
Partnerships and participation
EIA project partnership between mozambican and S.A companies
moz institutions engaged and supported to assess with effects monitoring during implementation phase incl data gathering on artisanal fish and tourism activities
local experts from eduardo monoplane university were contracted- taught SA experts to undertake Dugong research
Stakeholder engagement
- BID (non technical background information document) distributed to all stakeholders in scoping phase
- introduced purpose and need for project
- described EIA process
- described the proposed project and potential associated Envt and social impacts
Accoutnability and Transparency
adress areas of uncertainty without undue pressure on timeframes. access to information and review of information
independent peer reviewer
Strategic issues and cumulative
EIA document addressed impacts ass with old and gas exploration
stakeholders raised concerns related to potential long term cumulative impacts ass with O&G production- economically viable gas reserved be found
core concern focused on percieved incompatiibilty between trouser sector, conservation and artisanal fishing
O&G sector was perceived as direct heat to marine conservation
-threat to tourism
importance of O&G scooter to development of national economic was recognised, limited local benefits were likely to be realized
tourism already established
artisanal fishery supported livelihood of the most vulnerable members of the community
EIA not approatiate tool to address conflicting issues between future O&G development and perceived threats to tourism, artisanal fishing and conservation
Strategic EA (SEA) undertaken to address these issues
SEA would assess costs and benefits of protecting marine envy and therefore supporting tourism development and artisanal fishing while promoting O&G sect
reconmendation: SEA prior to approval of O&G production activities supposed by proponent, govt and affected stakeholders
How does this add up?
Envt aviods most sensitive areas and threatened species
socially inclusive process involving local stakeholders with external scrutiny
economically- avoids impacts where livelihoods are supported, compensates for losses, some benefits reattributed
OIL STOPPED
