Landing Gear Flashcards
functions to provide a means of maneuvering the aircraft on the ground
landing gear
functions to support the aircraft at a convenient height to give clearance for propellers and to facilitate loading
landing gear
functions to absorb the kinetic energy of landing and provide a means of controlling deceleration
landing gear
Landing Gear Layout
tricycle layout, tailwheel or taildragger
nose wheel unit forward of two main gear units
tricycle layout
tail wheel behind the main wheels
tailwheel or taildragger
landing gear type fitted for slow, light aircraft, and some larger aircraft on which simplicity is of prime importance
fixed (non retractable) landing gear
The reduced performance caused by the drag of the landing gear (fixed landing gear) during flight is offset by the _______, ________, and ________.
simplicity, reduced maintenance, low initial cost
landing gear type utilized for higher performance aircraft because of more progressive drag; retracted into wings or fuselage during flight
retractable landing gear
downsides of retractable landing gear
increased weight, greater complication, additional maintenance
3 main types of fixed landing gear
spring steel leg, rubber cord (shock absorber), oleo-pneumatic struts
usually employed at the main undercarriage positions
spring steel legs
A spring steel leg consists of a ______ or tapered spring steel.
tube
In a spring steel legs, the upper end is attached by _____ to the _______ and the lower end terminating in the ______ on which the wheel and brake are assembled.
bolts, fuselage, axle
type of fixed landing gear used as a shock-absorber
rubber cord
In a rubber cord, the undercarriage is usually in the form of ________.
tubular struts
The undercarriage of a rubber cord is designed and installed so that the landing force is directed against a number of turns of rubber in the form of a ______ or ______.
grommet, loop
Some fixed main undercarriages and most fixed nose undercarriages are fitted with this type of fixed landing gear. What is this type of fixed landing gear?
oleo-pneumatic struts
In oleo-pneumatic struts, the design of individual struts _____ considerably but the operating principle is _____ for all.
varies, same
One point worthy of consideration in oleo-pneumatic struts is the fitting of _____ to oleo-pneumatic strut.
spats
an aerodynamic fairing which may be required to minimize the drag of the landing gear structure
spats
A simple oleo-pneumatic strut consists of _________, one free to slide inside the other.
two concentric cylinders
The cylinders in a simple oleo-pneumatic strut are filled with ________ and _____.
hydraulic fluid, gas
The hydraulic fluid and gas in the cylinders of oleo-pneumatic struts are kept apart by a _______.
separator piston
In a simple oleo-pneumatic strut, the outer or upper cylinder is attached to the ________.
airframe structure
In a simple oleo-pneumatic strut, the outer or upper cylinder houses the _______ and a _______.
inner or lower cylinder, piston assembly
In an oleo-pneumatic strut, these are connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder. What are these?
wheels, axle
In an oleo-pneumatic strut, the inner cylinder is ______ and move up and down within the outer cylinder.
free to rotate
In an oleo-pneumatic strut, _______ and up and down movement is limited by the _______.
rotary movement, torque links
In an oleo-pneumatic strut, what connects the inner and outer cylinders together?
torque links
What are other terms for torque links?
torsion or scissor links
Landing gear is subject to torsion loads during ground maneuvering and these loads are taken by the ________.
torque links
The ______ the radius of turn, the ______ will be the load felt by the torque links so all turns should be made as wide as possible.
smaller, greater
In an oleo-pneumatic strut, the are on the outer cylinder is filled with ______.
hydraulic fluid
In an oleo-pneumatic strut, the are on the inner cylinder is filled with _______ which may be _______ or _______.
compressed gas, air, nitrogen
It is a free-floating piston which keeps the fluid and gas apart.
separator piston
The _____ supports the weight of the aircraft on the ground, cushions bump during taxiing, and absorbs the _____ on landing.
gas, shock
Its purpose is to dampen oscillations and control the rate of compression and extension of the cylinders.
hydraulic fluid
In an oleo-pneumatic strut, the purpose of the hydraulic fluid is to _________ and control the rate of __________ of the cylinders.
dampen oscillations, compression and extension
The piston connected to the lower cylinder has _____ in it which restricts the flow of fluid through the piston, thus, dampening the movement between the cylinders.
holes
fitted to the lower cylinder piston assembly
flutter valve
consists of a free-floating circular plate with a large central hole
flutter valve
free to move up and down within its housing
flutter valve
In an oleo-pneumatic strut, on the top of the inner cylinder, there is a ________ plus a series of holes around the perimeter.
small central orifice
If the fluid is flowing upwards, the strut is ______.
extending
If the fluid is flowing downwards, the strut is ______.
contracting
If fluid is flowing ________, the plate will be pushed up with it, blocking off the outer holes and allowing a limited flow only through the central orifice.
upwards
If fluid is flowing ________, then the plate will be pushed down allowing a greater flow of fluid through all of the holes.
downwards
Flutter valve then limits the rate of movement, more restriction when _______, less restriction when ________.
extending, contracting
Determine the scenario:
the gas pressure will support the weight of the aircraft with the lower cylinder approximately on the midway of its stroke
Aircraft stationary on the ground
Determine the scenario:
cushioned by the gas pressure and dampened by the limited flow of fluid through the orifice
bumps during taxiing
Determine the scenario:
gas pressure will cause the lower part of the leg to extend to its fullest extent
takeoff
Determine the scenario:
strut shortens, and fluid is forced through the flutter valve
landing
As the downward force of the landing ______, the gas pressure acts as a spring and extends the strut.
decreases
The flutter valve plate will move with the fluid flow blocking off the outer holes and further reducing the speed of upward movement of the upper cylinder, thus, helping to prevent a ______ on landing.
bounce
Wheels to Leg Construction
fork, half fork, cantilever, dual wheel, multiwheel (bogie connected)
Employed to improve aircraft performance by reducing drag
retractable landing gear
In a retractable landing gear, it is provided to ensure that each undercarriage is locked securely in the retracted and extended positions.
mechanical locks
________ are installed by which the landing gear can be extended in the event of failure of the power source.
manual means
In a retractable landing gear, systems are provided to prevent ________ with the aircraft on the ground.
retraction
_________ are installed to guard against landing with the landing gear retracted.
warning devices
The geometrical arrangement and physical location of undercarriage units on aircraft is ___________.
by no means standard
The type, size, and position are decided at the _________, having already taken into account the many factors that must be considered.
design stage
the two main undercarriage units are positioned just aft of the center of gravity in this layout
tricycle layout
Tricycle layout support up to __% of the aircraft’s weight and all initial landing shocks.
90
In a retractable landing gear, the leg is attached to the wing spars by a ___________ on which the leg is free to rotate laterally.
cylindrical beam or trunnion
In a retractable landing gear, the leg is attached to the _______ by a cylindrical beam or trunnion on which the leg is free to rotate laterally.
wing spars
In a retractable landing gear, the upper part of the leg forms the ______ cylinder of the oleo-pneumatic strut.
outer