Landforms Flashcards
Karst topography is due to ?
Lime Stone, dolomite and gypsum rocks. As atmospheric co2 reacts with the water to form weak acid this reacts with rocks of caco3 forming giving rise to Karst topography.
Horst and grabens are seen in mountains and plateaus, due to karst topography we too get them on rocks, they are called as
Grikes and clints
Characteristics of karst topography
- Absence of surface drainage
- Formation of springs
- Appearance of sink holes(several shallow holes come together to form sink holes), uvalas(several sink holes come together to form dolines)several dolines come together to form uvalas, sallow holes(smaller depressions)
- depositional landforms : stalactites and stalagmites and pillars
Stalactites and stalagmites are seen in
Depositional land forms of karst topography
Depositional landform of karst topography are ?
Stalagmites and stalactites and pillars
Stalagmites are seen hanging or from below
From below they are grown
Stalactites are seen above or below
Above the cave, they are hanging
Depositional landforms are formed due to ?
The water containing absorbed caco3, either water got evaporated or the co2 present in it was gone
Ice age is seen in which period
Pleistocene period
What are called ice caps of the world ?
Green land and Antarctica
What is called a snow line
Are where snow is permanently found
Temperature decreases as we go up (altitude), In what measure
6.5 degrees centigrade per kilometer
The mealting go accumulated snow during day time and formation of hard granular during night is called
Neve in french and FIRN in german
Arm chair shaped or horse shoe shaped basin produced due to downward movements of glacier it is called ?
CIRQUE
DEEP vertical cracks developed at the head of the glacier, especially seen in summer, it is called
BERGSHCRUND
CRACKS developed due to when a glacier is bent on a stone
CREVASSES
Developed when two cirques or Corries cut back on adjacent sides, what is it
Aretes -> sharp knife like narrow ridges
When 3 or more Corries or cirques cut back then we get what topography
Pyramidal peaks or Angular horn
Only U shaped valleys are seen when ?
When the glaciers move we cannot see the V shaped valleys
When the main glacier flows the valley floors are of greater depth when compared to the valleys of the tributary glaciers because
Main glacier has more erosive power than the tributary glacier
Natures bulldozers are what
Glaciers
The rocks which are taken by the glacier are called
Moraines
Moraines are of 4 types name them
Medial moraines, lateral moraines, terminal moraines, end moraines
Unsorted glacial deposits reuslts in to formation of
Glacial plains, so remember we get glacial plains also in glacial topography
Boulders of various sizes, are left stranded in strange positions, because of melting of ice, it is called
Erratics
Groups of oval elongated whale back mountains from boulder clays are called
Drumlins
Hanging valleys are formed due to
Tributary glacier joins the main glacier forming hanging valleys
Emerged coasts basic features
- It is formed either uplift of land or fall in sea level,
- Depositional features dominate
- These are less common
Submerged coasts
- These are formed either due to sinking of land or due to rise of sea level
- Estuaries are prominent here.
- Erosional landforms dominate
Sea cliffs characteristics
Most widespread landforms,
Steep natures, due to the wave induced erosion.
Wave cut platforms
These are seen in coastal landforms,
The cliffs which are eroded forms a plain land it’s called wave cut platform.
Erosional land forms of coastal land
List out them
Cliff, Water cut platforms, Sea caves, Sea arches, Sea stacks, Stumps.
Beaches and dunes
These are dominated by deposition,
Sand and gravels loosened from the land are moved with the help of waves thus forming beaches.
Dunes are just the elevated sand forms of beaches, mainly formed due to air
Bars and spits and Tombolo are formed by
Bars - due to the continued process of long shore drift the bay edges gets connected forming bars.
Spit - these are also formed by the land shore drift but they are beginning stages of bars.
Tombolo - it is formed by joining the two land masses by a connecting bar.
Lagoon is formed when the sand bar is formed, as the ends are bay get connected, so lagoon are salt water lakes
Deserts formed due to the rain shadow effect are called
Cold desserts
these deserts lie in the high pressure belt and trade winds blow offshore,
Hot deserts
Based on land scape the deserts are made into 4 types name them
Hamada,
Reg
Erg,
Badland topography- it consist of gullies ands ravines
What is a Rocky desert called
Hamada
What is a stony desert called
Reg
What is a sandy desert called
Erg
What is a gullies and ravines consisted desert called
Badland topography
Bad land topography consists of
Gullies and ravines
Three processes are employed in desert erosion find them
Deflation- sand particles are moved to another location.
Sand blasting - winds carry the sand and force them on the rock, as a sort of abrasion.
Attrition- wear and tear of particles as they rub each other
Movement of particles it sand by wind is called
Deflation
When the moved san particles are hit by rock and a sort of abrasion is seen it is called
Sand blasting
When two stand particles rub each other, forming very minute particles called
Attrition
Erosional desert landforms
Mushroom rock, Zuegen, yardang, mesas and buttes , Inselberg Ventifacts Deflation hollow
Wind erodes the base of rock this is called
Mushroom rock, also known as gour in Sahara desert
Capped ink bottle topography
Zuegen
Zugen is also called as
Capped ink bottle topography
When the soft and Hard rock are placed vertically, we get what topography
Yardang
Mesas and buttes
Hard rock on the above is called mesas and the small isolated mesas present hills are called buttes
Hard rock on the above is called mesas and the small isolated mesas present hills are called
Buttes
Desert erosion topography with canyons separating them
Mesas and buttes
Isolated residual hills formed due to type presence of resistant rocks is called
Inselberg
Depositional landforms
Sand dunes -> barchans ands seifs
Loess
Barchans
Moon shaped or crescentic sand dunes.
Occurs generally in groups,
The lee ward is steep and concave.
Seifs
Longitudinal dunes
Hwang ho
Sorrow of china
