Landforms

Question 1

Offshore bar formation:

Answer 1

Sediment eroded by destructive waves and carried seawards by back wash. Usually in shallow water.

Question 2

Barrier beach/Bar formation:

Answer 2

Formed due to LSD transporting sediment along the coastline. Behind the bar a lagoon is created.

Question 3

Sand Dune formation:

Answer 3

• Wind blowing inland from the sea causes the formation of sand dunes.
• Sand is deposited around an object such as a rock.
• Vegetation (marron grass) stabilises the dunes.
• Vegetation decomposes, nutrients are released and soil begins to form.
• More plants colonise the dunes.

Question 4

Tombolo formation:

Answer 4

When a spit meets an island.

Question 5

Fjord formation:

Answer 5

Formed when a glacier retreats, carving its typical U-shaped valley, and the sea fills the resulting floor.

Question 6

Spit formation:

Answer 6

Prevailing wind blows at an angle to the coastline, resulting in longshore drift.

Question 7

Beach formation:

Answer 7

Material deposited by constructive waves.
Swash has strength to carry material up the beach but the backwash only has the energy to carry some of the material leaving a surplus (causing deposition) and gradually forming a beach.