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DRMCCA > Land Use Planning > Flashcards

Land Use Planning Flashcards

1
Q

What SDG goal is LUP related to?

A

Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

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2
Q

Challenges related to LUP?

A
  • Where governance is weak, LUP is
  • silo thinking impedes holistic solutions
  • lack of coordination
  • lack of incentives for sustainable decision
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3
Q

What are the 3 main of components Spatial Planning?

A
  • Land Use Planning
  • Physical Planning
  • Env. Management
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4
Q

Who is involved in Spatial Planning

A
  • National Gov’t
  • State Gov’t
  • Local Gov’t
  • Project Facilitators
  • Technical Experts
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5
Q

What are some of the Challenges to mainstreaming DRR & CCA?

A
  • Limited knowledge of hazard and climate related statistics
  • Changing and emerging risks are problematic to account for
  • Existing land uses can be difficult to change (in this case, requires mitigation measures)
  • Lack of integration of jurisdictional boundaries
  • Realising local ownership and support
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6
Q

Factors that impact decision making and influence the way the risk assessment is used

A
  • Regulatory “blind spots”
  • Roles and mandates of different actors and the way they are framing the issue
  • History of decision-making/path dependency/ ”precedents”
  • Power relations
  • Costs, accountability, politics
  • The way boundaries are established potentially leads to side-effects on different scale levels (passenger safety vs societal safety)
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7
Q

3 common approaches to risk management in LUP

A
  1. Safety distances/buffer zones
  2. Deterministic risk assessment (worst credible case consequence based)
  3. Risk based (probabilistic assessment) either semi-quantitative or quantitative
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8
Q

LUP Framework/Risk Assessment Framework (6 steps)

A
  1. Establish Purpose & Context
  2. Identify Assets
  3. Hazard Assessment
  4. Vulnerability Assessment
  5. Risk Assessment
  6. Risk Reduction
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9
Q

What is Vulnerability?

A

Conditional concept on hazard being activated and exposing human values
“being prone to or susceptible to damage or injury”
determines the negative consequences that arise given a specific hazard

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10
Q

What 4 interrelated factors determine vulnerability

A

Economic
Physical
Social
Environmental

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11
Q

What is the purpose of a Vulnerability Assessment?

A
  1. Identify & prioritize valuable assets
  2. Identify & describe hazards (the characteristics)
  3. Assess vulnerability & capacity (assess valuable assets exposure)
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12
Q

What is Risk Governance

A

Making DRR/CCA a policy priority
• Generating political commitment
• Promoting DRR/CCA as a multi-sector responsibility
• Assigning accountability for disaster losses and impacts
• Regulating development and risk reduction through legislation
• Allocating necessary resources for DRR/CCA
• Implementing disaster reduction & adaptation
• Facilitating participation from civil society, and the private sector
• Gender equality

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13
Q

What is Governance

A

the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of Good Governance (8)

A
  • Accountable
  • Transparent
  • Responsive
  • Equitable & inclusive
  • Effective & Efficient
  • Follows the rule of law
  • Participatory
  • Consensus Oriented
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15
Q

What are the 5 spheres of Mainstreaming

A
  • Policy
  • Organization
  • Advocacy & knowledge
  • Implementation
  • Citizen
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16
Q

Challenges in Integrating DRR & CCA (Governance)

A

• Competing development priorities
• Insufficient resources/budget to operationalize existing policy
• Too much focus on technical skills vs. management & planning skills
• Over-reliance on technocratic/scientific approach
• Public administration aspects often ignored (matching mandates, roles and
structures)
• Context specific solutions that are adapted to local organizational/ administrative culture context and capacities

17
Q

What are some Opportunities for Integrating DRR & CCA

A
  • Disaster events
  • Entrepreneurs of change – champions
  • Political environment/ stability
  • Demand for change (functioning democracy)
  • Economic planning argument (more sustainable solutions than relief)
  • Consolidated decentralization process
  • Well-functioning UNDMTs & international community providing pressure points
  • Technical inputs from experts
  • Role of military/civil defense
18
Q

What are the types of uncertainties in Decision making

A
  • Variability
  • Knowledge uncertainty
  • Parameter
  • Model
  • Completeness
19
Q

What are other types of uncertainties in LUP

A
  • How will society develop in the future

- value dimension (different current groups and what about future generations)

20
Q

What is deep uncertainity

A

“Deep uncertainty often involves decisions that are made over time in dynamic interaction with the system.”
Deep uncertainty is ” the condition in which analysts do
not know or the parties to a decision cannot agree
upon:
-(1) the appropriate models to describe interactions
among a system’s variables,
-(2) the probability distributions to represent
uncertainty about key parameters in the models,
and/or
-(3) how to value the desirability of alternative
outcomes”

21
Q

What are some strategies to address uncertainity when choosing a scenario?

A

a) Single scenario based on best available knowledge – deterministic
b) Traditional uncertainty treatment – probability distribution of future possible outcomes
c) Multiple future scenarios without probabilities assigned – equally plausible scenarios
d) Multiple future scenarios without probabilities but with individual uncertainty treatment

Deep uncertainties should be treated with strategy 3 or 4, as probabilities will suffer in quality under deep uncertainties.

22
Q

What is Robust Decision Making?

A
  • to find decision alternatives that perform well/adequately under a range of future conditions, rather than optimally for a single best guess condition
  • Robustness: Insensitivity of future conditions (e.g. climate conditions)
23
Q

Approaches to decision making under uncertainity

A
  • Do Nothing
  • Delay
  • Optimal policy approach (predict future & optimize for that future)
  • Static robust policy approach (set of futures & policy works well across most)
  • Adaptive Policy Approach (adapt policy as conditions change)
24
Q

What are the steps of Decision Analysis

A
  1. Specify and weight objectives
  2. Create alternatives
  3. Evaluate the alternatives (score on objectives)
  4. Select the best alternative
    - Traditionally, the alternative that maximize expected utility is chosen
25
Q

What are some strategies to increase robustness in Decision making

A
  • No Regret Strategies
  • cheap safety margins
  • Flexible, reversible, and adaptive strategies
  • Soft strategies
  • Reduce decision-making time horizons
26
Q

Urban Challenges that can be addressed by LUP

A

· Urban sprawl (densification)
· Gentrification
· expansion into hazard prone areas
· increased population density
· increased concentration of hazards
· insufficient infrastructure
· climate change reinforcing existing hazards · Stronger competition over land due to urbanization
· Urbanization increase social tensions, which may lead to violence
· destruction of natural protection against hazards

27
Q

Risk

A

Risk determined by the exposure to hazards and vulnerability.

28
Q

Hazard

A

A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage

29
Q

3 steps of a vulnerability assessment

A

4a Assess exposure – how assets are exposed to hazard
4b Describe factors influencing vulnerability and capacity – consider physical, environmental, economic and social factors in relation to the assets and the hazards
4c Evaluate vulnerabilities and capacities

30
Q

Examples of Economic Vulnerability factors

A
  • Income levels
  • Diversification
  • GDP
  • Funds reserved for disasters
  • Insurance coverage
  • Access to credits
31
Q

Examples of Environmental Vulnerability factors

A
  • Use of natural resources/environment
  • Status of wetlands
  • Management/health of lakes, waterways, forests, mangroves…
  • Processes affect the natural environment: rainfall average, drought, wind, snowfall, lightning seasonal trends
32
Q

Examples of Social Vulnerability factors

A
  • Governance (politics)
  • Culture, customs, values, beliefs
  • Education
  • Religion
  • Age
  • Health/disability
  • Social equality
33
Q

Examples of Physical Vulnerability factors

A
  • Land cover (vegetation)
  • Topography
  • Climate (wind, rainfall, temperature)
  • Building material
  • Zoning, building codes
  • Critical infrastructure
  • Transportation systems
  • Industrial sites
  • Population density
34
Q

Static robust policy approach

A

aiming to identify a set of plausible futures and find policy that works acceptably well across most of them.

35
Q

Adaptive robust policy approach

A

aiming to adapt policy over time as conditions change and learning takes place

36
Q

Changes that can affect the future

A

Climate change
Technological change
Demographic change
Political/economic change

37
Q

Challenges for Robust Decision Making (RDM)

A

No true no regret solutions
Dependent on the definition of robustness
Complex
Requires many resources

DRMCCA (3 decks)

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