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Geography 2011 > Land use (lec 2) > Flashcards

Land use (lec 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

urban sprawl

A

the spreading out of a city and its suburbs over more and more rural land as the periphery of an urban area; conversion of open space into built-up, developed land over time

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2
Q

Characteristics of Sprawl

A
  • high volumes of traffic; no public transit (everyone drives), scattered businesses, inadequate public transportation, pedestrian unfriendly
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3
Q

Sprawl in Ontario

A

As the current rate = an additional 260,000 acres or rural land will be urbanized by 2031 (an area double the size of Toronto), 92% of that land is Ontario’s best farm land

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4
Q

Golden Horseshoe growth

A

growing by over 115,000 people per year, in 15 years it will be the largest urban region in NA behind only NY and LA (THIRD LARGEST PLACE IN SIZE)

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5
Q

problems with low density?

A

illnesses (have to travel far to hospital), time lost in transportation, traffic accidents, noise, economic costs of climate change

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6
Q

urban sprawl costs

A

increased property taxes (due to maintenance of infrastructure), extra transportation costs (all trips require a car), time spent driving, road layout is windy

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7
Q

Consuming Land

A

Loss of land is another big cost = land is finite, we need land for more than just farms = it also preserves habitat and helps with the water systems (Absorbs rain! so we don’t have floods)

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8
Q

Public Health

A

millions of vehicles = billions of litres of gas uses, emits pollution, creating smog

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9
Q

How many premature deaths are in Canada?

A

16,000 a year

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10
Q

What are the air pollution costs in Ontario?

A

1 billion a year

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11
Q

Climate change

A

burning fossil fuels = GHG emission = permafrost thaw, accelerated costal erosion, increasing severity of storms and droughts, future impacts = if lakes didn’t freeze over there would be more evaporation and more costal erosion!

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12
Q

Energy

A

Sprawl requires abundant and cheap energy, suburbs = more expensive, energy is going up = and so is the price of this lifestyle

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13
Q

water quality and quantity

A

clearing forests and agricultural cover increases runoff, storm sewers gather oil/grease/toxic chemicals from pavement and deposits them in rivers and lakes, everythinng growing on the land acts as a filter - helps remove/spread stuff around = helping clean our water

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14
Q

Wildlife

A

expansion into woodlands and wetlands destroys habitat = this is the primary threat to woodlands and wetlands remaining near Canada’s cities, we destroy their natural habitats and kind of box animals in = in separate small sections of woodlands so thats why we have the deer problems and other animal problems!

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15
Q

Aesthetics and QOL

A

absence of ‘sense of place’, social loss, isolation, lack of connectivity, those who cannot drive = left behind, no defined character/real community

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16
Q

Smart Growth

A

an attempt to make urban development a positive force for the long-term health of the economy, society and the environment

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17
Q

Principles of Smart Growth

A

preserve green space and farm land, integrate land-use and transportation planning, make full use of existing urban land and infrastructure, mix land uses, provide a variety of transportation, compact building design, range of housing opportunities, invite walking and bicycling, communities with a strong sense of place,

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18
Q

Green Belt

A

no development in that area, its an economic cost for those living in the boundaries, they keep revising the plan

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19
Q

What percentage of Canada’s land has no capability for land use?

A

89%

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20
Q

what percentage of Canada’s land is considered class 1 (having no limitations for agriculture and has the highest productivity for a wide range of crops)

A

0.5%

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21
Q

What percentage of class 1 land is in Ontario?

A

52%

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22
Q

What percentage of class 1 land is converted?

A

18%

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23
Q

When did the natives settle in Ontario?

A

10,000 years ago

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24
Q

what was the population of Ontario in the 1500s?

A

60,000 to 117,000

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25
Q

Tribes in Ontario?

A

MANY different ones, not one homogenous group

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26
Q

When did the European Settlers arrive?

A

1500s, looking for a passage to the Orient

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27
Q

1600s

A

fur trade begins, and the French and English settlers struggled for domination: whole place is still a forest needed the natives to show them around

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28
Q

1759

A

the british vs french showdown (showdown went on for many years, British won)

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29
Q

1763

A

Treaty of Paris

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30
Q

1775

A

American revolution (america is unhappy with their relationship with England: revolution = wanted to be separate)

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31
Q

1779

A

English / scottish / irish immigrants

32
Q

1787

A

US ordinance develop the Lakes (US realize Great Lakes are a great resource = want people to move north and develop the GL region

33
Q

1791

A

upper canada defined population 15,000 (we want people to move in on our share of the great lakes / our side = war of 1812 starts because of this fight)

34
Q

late 1700s

A

america was much more established, scared that the US would take over the GL area, needed to get people there to boost the population

35
Q

1812

A

last military challenge for the Lakes: defined the line for the great lakes = populate not Upper canada is about 90,000

36
Q

1867

A

Confederation: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick form a federal union (one government overseeing all the provinces)
- dominion of canada, capital of canada = ottawa, capital of ontario = york (toronto), london was possibly going to be the capital of ontario but it was too far from the capital and too close to the US

37
Q

Population of Ontario in 1900s

A

early 1900s: population 2 million, half rural (whereas now = 85% are urban)

38
Q

1904

A

ford motor company manufactured in windsor connecting the Canadian and US economies; silver was discovered at Cobalt in Northern Ontario

39
Q

1906

A

Niagara Falls: hydro-electric commission was established = major boost to economy

40
Q

1911-1913

A

one million people immigrated to Canada, most settling in Ontario (at this time more people in ON than any other province)

41
Q

2013 Ontario Population

A

estimated 13,538,000

42
Q

Ontario population

A

38.4% of Canada’s population; since 2001 Ontarios population has increased by 750,236 (half of Canada’s growth in that period) ON has much higher population. & pop density than all other prov/terr

43
Q

Official Language in Ontario?

A

English

44
Q

What is the largest language minority in Ontario?

A

Francophone

45
Q

Visible minorities in Ontario?

A

In 2001 - 2.2 million visible minority individuals.

46
Q

What percentage of the provinces population is a minority?

A

19.1%

47
Q

How many of the visible minorities in Canada are in ON?

A

54%

48
Q

What is the official minority language?

A

French - its decreasing rapidly - with Chinese and Italian coming up

49
Q

What are the main visible minorities?

A

South Asian, Chinese, Black - still increasing

50
Q

How many immigrants settled in ON between 2009-2013

A

more than 655,000 (representing half of those immigrating into Canada during that period)

51
Q

Where are they going?

A

Alberta - there are jobs there!

52
Q

Why is immigration so important?

A

The only way we can expect population to grow/maintain itself - the rate of natural increase has gone down too much!

53
Q

Dependency ratio in Ontario

A

too many people who are not part of the work force: too many young/old so we are looking for people to fill the gap

54
Q

Where do most of Ontarios immigrants come from?

A

China, India, Italy

55
Q

What has changed in the trend of Canada’s distribution?

A

USED to be about 50% rural, 50% urban. now 85% URBAN! even in nunavut which is the least urban area = they still have a 50% rate

56
Q

Where are people living?

A

Very southerly! 6-8% live in the north (thinking of the great lakes lowland as the south and hudson bay/canadian shield as the north = we live VERY Southerly!)

57
Q

Projected populations?

A

Show growth in the GTA and golden horseshoe, they estimate that TO will keep increasing its population as other areas decline

58
Q

Where is growth expected?

A

In the golden horseshoe, near ottawa, and an anomaly region up north due to the aboriginals having a high birthrate

59
Q

Where is the senior population seen?

A

In the areas where population is declining: this is not good because they require a lot of healthcare and support

60
Q

What is predicted for Ontario (NSEW)?

A

That by 2036, NorthWest Ontario will increase (more babies being born in this area) while NorthEast will stay the same, SouthWest will go up a little, Central will go up and East will go up (GTA)

61
Q

Where should we see population growth?

A

Population growth in GTA, Golden Horseshoe, Ottawa, London

62
Q

Greater Golden Horseshoe

A

it is the most populated region and the most heavily urbanized region in Canada and one of the fastest growing areas in North America

63
Q

How many people live in the Golden Horseshoe

A

8.1 million, 2/3 of Ontarians and one quarter of all Canadians

64
Q

By 2031, what is the estimated population of the golden horseshoe?

A

11.5 million, 80% of Ontario’s population growth

65
Q

By 2041?

A

Predicted 13.48 million people, 10.13 in the GTA

66
Q

Between 2001 and 2006 how much did the population grow?

A

by 630,631, growth rate of 8.4% which was faster than the provincial average of 6.6%

67
Q

Where WEREE the fastest growing places?

A

Brampton, Vaughan and Mississauga

68
Q

In the last 5 years who has it been? ITS CHANGED

A

TORONTO - fastest growth. Torontos rate WAS 2.9% and now its 16.2%

69
Q

After Toronto, what are now the fastest growing areas?

A

Brampton, Ottawa, Vaughan, mississauga

70
Q

Fastest growing community?

A

Milton

71
Q

Where are most of the aboriginal people of Canada?

A

Ontario - but we do not take very good care of them. Most aboriginals are in big cities, then smaller urban areas, then reserves, then rural areas: we should be most concerned for the people on the reserves because we do not do much for them

72
Q

How old are the Ontario Aboriginals?

A

Younger than the rest of Ontario! 33% of the aboriginal population was 19 and under (23.8% for the non-aboriginal population)

73
Q

Where do the Aboriginals live within ON?

A

1/6 live on reserves in 2011 - down from 1/5 in 2006 (good for well being!)

74
Q

What is happening with the aboriginal population?

A

GROWING!

75
Q

How many of Canada’s population are aboriginals?

A

300 thousand

76
Q

The proportion living on a reserve?

A

20% aboriginal, 30% of north american indian

Geography 2011 (4 decks)

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