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Geography 2011 > Economic Geo (3) > Flashcards

Economic Geo (3) Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of Economic Activity

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

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2
Q

Primary

A

Extraction of raw materials, mining, fishing, forestry, farming

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3
Q

Secondary

A

conversion into product, manufacturing, refining something, taking the primary and making it into something

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4
Q

Tertiary

A

Provision of services, education healthcare

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5
Q

Quatenary

A

collection/processing and distribution of info: info based

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6
Q

Tertiary vs Quaternary

A

Growing economy wise: quaternary more into providing info

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7
Q

Historial development of agriculture

A

immigrants originally came in for agriculture, canals of export, mills along rivers (refining things/adding value), local consumption increases as the population grew

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8
Q

Current Ontario (agriculture)

A

mostly Southern Ontario (need those great lakes lowlands great soil!) Ontario LEADS Canada in total money value of farm produce

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9
Q

Where are the most farms in Canada?

A

Ontario! 1/4 of Canadas 229,373 farms in 2006

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10
Q

How much cropland in Ontario?

A

9 million acres (farms in Ontario tend to be smaller because of the stuff we grow) in Ontario in 2006

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11
Q

Draw backs in agriculture

A
  • risks of economic disaster (weather, diseases, pests, climate change - rain interferes in crop seasons)
  • subsidies and tariffs (mostly primary effected)
  • environmental change
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12
Q

Why is our milk so expensive?

A

Want to make sure the dairy farmers have sufficient money

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13
Q

Diverse agriculture

A

Is great so that if there is a disaster it will only affect few sectors. More diverse than most parts of the world (poultry, corn, hogs, dairy, eggs, vegetable, cattle)

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14
Q

Who makes the most money?

A

Dairy and fruits and vegetables: ontario is highest in Canada: just about Alberta and Saskatchewan for money earned through agriculture

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15
Q

Costs of agriculture

A

changes in landscape/environment (rapid and large scale clearing of land), loss of soil, altered flow of rivers, fish habitats destroyed, flood plains, pollution

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16
Q

Commercial fisheries (selling fish)

A
  • began in ~1820, expanded 20% per year, largest harvests in 1889, and 1899, well over a hundred years ago when this was good
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17
Q

When were the golden days over for fishing?

A

by the late 1950s,

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18
Q

Where does the value of fish lie?

A

80% in Lake Erie

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19
Q

Where can you do commercial fishing?

A

Hardly any places on the great lakes, lake ontario is too polluted, there are no American commerce fishing areas on Lake Erie)

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20
Q

What has happened to the fish population?

A

declined majorly! Used to be so many types throughout each of the great lakes, and now there are 5 types at most (used to be ~12)

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21
Q

Historial development of agriculture

A

early logging to clear the land - just for clearing, not even about using the lumber - after settlement there was a demand for it

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22
Q

When did commercial logging begin?

A

1830s

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23
Q

Lumber process…

A

paper-making began slowly, now world leaders, loss of resource in southern parts of the province: not as big of a concern in the Northern part… water and land pollution! secondary processes: making paper

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24
Q

Currently in Ontario’s towns

A

every town has at least one forest industry: 80% of forest is owned by the province, 9% is in the parks

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25
Why is foresting a volatile industry?
because sometimes the resource can be lost; issue surrounding exporting it - if the price of oil is really high - you have a long ways to get to the market: you become less competitive! Northwestern Ontario: area that feels it most when the forest industry is hurting
26
Forestry..
difficult to transport, not super concerned about over cutting because we have lots of efforts in replanting, more concerned about environmental factors and pests
27
How is the province involved in the forest industry?
The province can dictate the terms and conditions about forestry so we can prevent waste and bad effects
28
What was the value of Ontario's forestry products in 2008?
14 billion dollars
29
What was the majority of this value?
pulp and paper products : 8 billion*
30
What was the other?
sawmill, engineered wood and other wood product maanufacturing = 3.9 billion value added furniture/kitchen cabinet manufacturing = 2.1 billion
31
Forestry creates how many jobs?
200,000 direct and indirect jobs in over 260 Ontario communities
32
Which of those jobs depend on the forest sector to survive?
40 are categorized as highly dependent on employment in the forest sector
33
How many are moderately dependent on the forest sector?
63
34
Where is Mining?
in the Canadian shield and far north of ontario
35
Where is the refinery?
Sudbury and Port Colborne
36
What is so great about mining
very important multibillion dollar industry, good secondary economic activity from it: some ores in decline; others growing
37
Who leads in Canada with mineral production?
Ontario leads in the value of non-fuel mineral production in 2009 with 23%
38
How many mine sites are there in Ontario?
40
39
What is seen?
nickel, gold, copper, zinc, and platinum group metals... salt, gypsum, talc, calcium carbonate, nepheline syenite and other industrial minerals
40
When did Ontario's first diamond mine open?
2008
41
In 2009 what did Ontario contain of each production?
34% of Canada’s nickel production • 55% of gold • 25% of copper • 64% of platinum
42
What was Ontario's contribution to Canada's structural materials production in 2009?
``` • Clay products 72% • Cement 42% • Stone 40% • Sand and Gravel 39% lime 35% (non mineral mining: use these products to build stuff) ```
43
why is there conflict within southern ontario over mining?
Because we have lots of good mining land but we don't want to give it away and ruin it on a quarry
44
What is the breakdown of where we get our electricity from?
``` hydro = 20.4% coal = 8.3% nuclear = 55%***** natural gas = 13.6% (western canadian provinces) other ... 2.7% ```
45
What do we want to change about our energy usage?
Expand the nuclear but we don't want to build big dams anymore, want to move away from coal (Environmental concern), = most of our natural gas comes from the western provinces
46
what percentage of manufactured goods are manufactured in Canada?
52% (more than any other province by far - Quebec is second)
47
Whats happening in the auto industry?
auto = biggest part of the manufacturing section, moving toward high tech, very diverse, in decline: new jobs aren't paying as well as the old ones/ we buy from other countries. and we export = why our connection to US is key, Ontario is more diverse and do more than any other part of Canada
48
In 2012 Ontario companies exported more than how much money in products to the US?
$126 billion
49
What was the daily total two-way trade in goods between Ontario and the US value?
valued at over 800 million
50
Ontario's total international trade was valued at what?
nearly $900 million per day
51
What's going on with Ontario's trade?
highly north/south oriented, border NEEDS To stay open for Ontario to move goods, want to build another bridge from windsor to detroit
52
Ontario: Automobile industry?
home to 5 of the worlds top automaker, produce more vehicles than any other North American jurisdiction every year for ten years (except 2013)
53
how many automobile workers?
125,000 highly skilled and productive workers
54
Auto parts?
more than 450 innovative parts manufactured (need fluidity to get cars and parts back and forth over the border to keep the car chain going!)
55
What happened in 2009?
recession: nobody bought cars: major downfall in the industry. Manufacturing was declining even before then! Now its maintaining
56
Whats happening in manufacturing?
DECLINE! still a major money maker - gives many jobs but it IS DECLINING!
57
How many vehicles were produced last year?
2.37 million, compared with 2.45 the year before
58
How many active commercial fishing licenses in Ontario?
>500
59
In 2011 those license holders caught how many fish?
nearly 12,000 metric tonnes of fish (26 million pounds)
60
Dockside value?
Hauled in a catch with a dockside value of more than $33 million
61
Contributed how much to Ontario's economy
$234 million
62
Other tertiary and quaternary industries?
Banking, insurance, investment, trade, retail, information, news, R&D, education, computer technology, hospitals, healthcare, government, communication (pretty much anything you need a university degree for) lots of money in these services*
63
how many people are in the workforce for primary and secondary?
the number is decreasing!
64
50% of all Canada's employees are in what area?
high tech, financial services and other knowledge-intensive industries (more in Ontario - 70%)
65
what percentage of Ontario jobs are in the tertiary/quaternary industry?
80%
66
What is Canada's most productive province?
Ontario!
67
Primary is only how much of Ontario's economy?
2% (when you take into acct all of the forestry/mining/ some fishing: still so little in the big picture of all that we make for Canada as a province)
68
biggest services?
manufacturing, then real estate, then health and education, etc
69
how much money does Ontario make?
$559 billion / 39% of the GDP (ONT MAKES MORE THAN ANY OTHER PROVINCE)
70
Which sectors are most popular?
primary and secondary activities giving way to tertiary and quaternary - industrial to post-industrial economy (movement towards the post industrial economy)
71
How is Ontario growing?
Ontario's economy is growing faster than Canadas!
72
How stable is Ontario?
very diverse therefore stable! we have many areas of income... even within sectors: example of forestry - doing pulp and paper AND lumber, agriculture - SO many types of crops
73
What are our weaknesses?
We sell to the US and our dollar is worth less than theirs/ - ours is worth less than we would like *,
74
Any other important stats?
Tert / quay are growing as a system together, we are doing better than US and UK as far as job growth, what happens in the world = happens to Ontario but we have a high level or resiliency, we have resiliency within each sector!

Geography 2011 (4 decks)

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