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Geography 2011 > Economic Geo (3) > Flashcards

Economic Geo (3) Flashcards

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1
Q

Levels of Economic Activity

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

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2
Q

Primary

A

Extraction of raw materials, mining, fishing, forestry, farming

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3
Q

Secondary

A

conversion into product, manufacturing, refining something, taking the primary and making it into something

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4
Q

Tertiary

A

Provision of services, education healthcare

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5
Q

Quatenary

A

collection/processing and distribution of info: info based

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6
Q

Tertiary vs Quaternary

A

Growing economy wise: quaternary more into providing info

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7
Q

Historial development of agriculture

A

immigrants originally came in for agriculture, canals of export, mills along rivers (refining things/adding value), local consumption increases as the population grew

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8
Q

Current Ontario (agriculture)

A

mostly Southern Ontario (need those great lakes lowlands great soil!) Ontario LEADS Canada in total money value of farm produce

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9
Q

Where are the most farms in Canada?

A

Ontario! 1/4 of Canadas 229,373 farms in 2006

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10
Q

How much cropland in Ontario?

A

9 million acres (farms in Ontario tend to be smaller because of the stuff we grow) in Ontario in 2006

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11
Q

Draw backs in agriculture

A
  • risks of economic disaster (weather, diseases, pests, climate change - rain interferes in crop seasons)
  • subsidies and tariffs (mostly primary effected)
  • environmental change
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12
Q

Why is our milk so expensive?

A

Want to make sure the dairy farmers have sufficient money

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13
Q

Diverse agriculture

A

Is great so that if there is a disaster it will only affect few sectors. More diverse than most parts of the world (poultry, corn, hogs, dairy, eggs, vegetable, cattle)

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14
Q

Who makes the most money?

A

Dairy and fruits and vegetables: ontario is highest in Canada: just about Alberta and Saskatchewan for money earned through agriculture

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15
Q

Costs of agriculture

A

changes in landscape/environment (rapid and large scale clearing of land), loss of soil, altered flow of rivers, fish habitats destroyed, flood plains, pollution

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16
Q

Commercial fisheries (selling fish)

A
  • began in ~1820, expanded 20% per year, largest harvests in 1889, and 1899, well over a hundred years ago when this was good
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17
Q

When were the golden days over for fishing?

A

by the late 1950s,

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18
Q

Where does the value of fish lie?

A

80% in Lake Erie

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19
Q

Where can you do commercial fishing?

A

Hardly any places on the great lakes, lake ontario is too polluted, there are no American commerce fishing areas on Lake Erie)

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20
Q

What has happened to the fish population?

A

declined majorly! Used to be so many types throughout each of the great lakes, and now there are 5 types at most (used to be ~12)

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21
Q

Historial development of agriculture

A

early logging to clear the land - just for clearing, not even about using the lumber - after settlement there was a demand for it

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22
Q

When did commercial logging begin?

A

1830s

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23
Q

Lumber process…

A

paper-making began slowly, now world leaders, loss of resource in southern parts of the province: not as big of a concern in the Northern part… water and land pollution! secondary processes: making paper

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24
Q

Currently in Ontario’s towns

A

every town has at least one forest industry: 80% of forest is owned by the province, 9% is in the parks

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25
Q

Why is foresting a volatile industry?

A

because sometimes the resource can be lost; issue surrounding exporting it - if the price of oil is really high - you have a long ways to get to the market: you become less competitive! Northwestern Ontario: area that feels it most when the forest industry is hurting

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26
Q

Forestry..

A

difficult to transport, not super concerned about over cutting because we have lots of efforts in replanting, more concerned about environmental factors and pests

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27
Q

How is the province involved in the forest industry?

A

The province can dictate the terms and conditions about forestry so we can prevent waste and bad effects

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28
Q

What was the value of Ontario’s forestry products in 2008?

A

14 billion dollars

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29
Q

What was the majority of this value?

A

pulp and paper products : 8 billion*

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30
Q

What was the other?

A

sawmill, engineered wood and other wood product maanufacturing = 3.9 billion
value added furniture/kitchen cabinet manufacturing = 2.1 billion

31
Q

Forestry creates how many jobs?

A

200,000 direct and indirect jobs in over 260 Ontario communities

32
Q

Which of those jobs depend on the forest sector to survive?

A

40 are categorized as highly dependent on employment in the forest sector

33
Q

How many are moderately dependent on the forest sector?

A

63

34
Q

Where is Mining?

A

in the Canadian shield and far north of ontario

35
Q

Where is the refinery?

A

Sudbury and Port Colborne

36
Q

What is so great about mining

A

very important multibillion dollar industry, good secondary economic activity from it: some ores in decline; others growing

37
Q

Who leads in Canada with mineral production?

A

Ontario leads in the value of non-fuel mineral production in 2009 with 23%

38
Q

How many mine sites are there in Ontario?

A

40

39
Q

What is seen?

A

nickel, gold, copper, zinc, and platinum group metals… salt, gypsum, talc, calcium carbonate, nepheline syenite and other industrial minerals

40
Q

When did Ontario’s first diamond mine open?

A

2008

41
Q

In 2009 what did Ontario contain of each production?

A

34% of Canada’s nickel production
• 55% of gold
• 25% of copper
• 64% of platinum

42
Q

What was Ontario’s contribution to Canada’s structural materials production in 2009?

A 
•	Clay products 72%
•	Cement 42%
•	Stone 40% 
•	Sand and Gravel 39% lime 35%
(non mineral mining: use these products to build stuff)
43
Q

why is there conflict within southern ontario over mining?

A

Because we have lots of good mining land but we don’t want to give it away and ruin it on a quarry

44
Q

What is the breakdown of where we get our electricity from?

A 
hydro = 20.4%
coal = 8.3%
nuclear = 55%*****
natural gas = 13.6% (western canadian provinces)
other ... 2.7%
45
Q

What do we want to change about our energy usage?

A

Expand the nuclear but we don’t want to build big dams anymore, want to move away from coal (Environmental concern), = most of our natural gas comes from the western provinces

46
Q

what percentage of manufactured goods are manufactured in Canada?

A

52% (more than any other province by far - Quebec is second)

47
Q

Whats happening in the auto industry?

A

auto = biggest part of the manufacturing section, moving toward high tech, very diverse, in decline: new jobs aren’t paying as well as the old ones/ we buy from other countries. and we export = why our connection to US is key, Ontario is more diverse and do more than any other part of Canada

48
Q

In 2012 Ontario companies exported more than how much money in products to the US?

A

$126 billion

49
Q

What was the daily total two-way trade in goods between Ontario and the US value?

A

valued at over 800 million

50
Q

Ontario’s total international trade was valued at what?

A

nearly $900 million per day

51
Q

What’s going on with Ontario’s trade?

A

highly north/south oriented, border NEEDS To stay open for Ontario to move goods, want to build another bridge from windsor to detroit

52
Q

Ontario: Automobile industry?

A

home to 5 of the worlds top automaker, produce more vehicles than any other North American jurisdiction every year for ten years (except 2013)

53
Q

how many automobile workers?

A

125,000 highly skilled and productive workers

54
Q

Auto parts?

A

more than 450 innovative parts manufactured (need fluidity to get cars and parts back and forth over the border to keep the car chain going!)

55
Q

What happened in 2009?

A

recession: nobody bought cars: major downfall in the industry. Manufacturing was declining even before then! Now its maintaining

56
Q

Whats happening in manufacturing?

A

DECLINE! still a major money maker - gives many jobs but it IS DECLINING!

57
Q

How many vehicles were produced last year?

A

2.37 million, compared with 2.45 the year before

58
Q

How many active commercial fishing licenses in Ontario?

A

> 500

59
Q

In 2011 those license holders caught how many fish?

A

nearly 12,000 metric tonnes of fish (26 million pounds)

60
Q

Dockside value?

A

Hauled in a catch with a dockside value of more than $33 million

61
Q

Contributed how much to Ontario’s economy

A

$234 million

62
Q

Other tertiary and quaternary industries?

A

Banking, insurance, investment, trade, retail, information, news, R&D, education, computer technology, hospitals, healthcare, government, communication (pretty much anything you need a university degree for) lots of money in these services*

63
Q

how many people are in the workforce for primary and secondary?

A

the number is decreasing!

64
Q

50% of all Canada’s employees are in what area?

A

high tech, financial services and other knowledge-intensive industries (more in Ontario - 70%)

65
Q

what percentage of Ontario jobs are in the tertiary/quaternary industry?

A

80%

66
Q

What is Canada’s most productive province?

A

Ontario!

67
Q

Primary is only how much of Ontario’s economy?

A

2% (when you take into acct all of the forestry/mining/ some fishing: still so little in the big picture of all that we make for Canada as a province)

68
Q

biggest services?

A

manufacturing, then real estate, then health and education, etc

69
Q

how much money does Ontario make?

A

$559 billion / 39% of the GDP (ONT MAKES MORE THAN ANY OTHER PROVINCE)

70
Q

Which sectors are most popular?

A

primary and secondary activities giving way to tertiary and quaternary - industrial to post-industrial economy (movement towards the post industrial economy)

71
Q

How is Ontario growing?

A

Ontario’s economy is growing faster than Canadas!

72
Q

How stable is Ontario?

A

very diverse therefore stable! we have many areas of income… even within sectors: example of forestry - doing pulp and paper AND lumber, agriculture - SO many types of crops

73
Q

What are our weaknesses?

A

We sell to the US and our dollar is worth less than theirs/ - ours is worth less than we would like *,

74
Q

Any other important stats?

A

Tert / quay are growing as a system together, we are doing better than US and UK as far as job growth, what happens in the world = happens to Ontario but we have a high level or resiliency, we have resiliency within each sector!

Geography 2011 (4 decks)

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