lameness Flashcards
what is bone marrow
inside bones, where blood cells are formed and calcium is held here
what is bone remodelling
old bone tissue is constantly replaced with new bone tissue to keep bones healthy
what is increased loading in bones
when harder work is done and increases the strain on long bones of the leg the body adds minerals to make the bone stronger
what is absence of loading
when a horse is inactive the body will remove minerals it doesn’t think the bones need
what is cartilage
found at the end of bones where they meet in a joint
reduces friction and absorbs shock
what are growth plates
cartilage at the end of bone that calcifies and expands so that bones can grow as the horse gets older
what are synovial joints
a junction between two or more bones
most common joint type in horses
what are some common joint related issues or diseases
arthritis - inflammation in a joint
osetoarthritis - severe joint injuries and deterioration of cartilage
osteochondrosis- cartilage doesn’t form properly and fragmemts float in the joint
what are tendons
bands of connective tissue made up mostly of collagen
very little stretch
what are ligaments
connect bones to provide stability and have some stretch
what is the common treatment for soft tissue injuries
stall rest
icing or cold hosing 2-3 times a day
poultice
bandaging for support
what is lameness
can’t or hesitates to bear weight on a limb
sign of pain and changes horses stride
signs of lameness
head nod with forelimb lameness
sacral rise or hip hike with hind lameness
epidemic
increased incidence of a disease in a region
host
an organism harbouring a disease on itself
pathogen
any organism that produce infection or disease
reservoir
the place where the organism is found - in the soil for example
vector
organism that spreads infectious diseases without being diseased themselves
zoonotic disease
an infectious disease transmitted from animals to humans
what is direct transmission
infectious agent transmitted from animal to animal by direct contact with blood or body fluids or contact with saliva, nose to nose contact
Indirect transmission
infectious agent can be transmitted by an object or third party
vector transmission
an insect ot tick gets a disease from one animal and gives it to another
what is bacterial disease
when a horses immune system is weakened and bacteria can then spread
salmonella, strangles e.coli
signs of bacterial infection
diarrhea, coughing, runny nose fever lethargy
what is an incubation period
amount of time from exposure until the pathogen causes a disease in the new host
