lameness

Question 1

what is bone marrow

Answer 1

inside bones, where blood cells are formed and calcium is held here

Question 2

what is bone remodelling

Answer 2

old bone tissue is constantly replaced with new bone tissue to keep bones healthy

Question 3

what is increased loading in bones

Answer 3

when harder work is done and increases the strain on long bones of the leg the body adds minerals to make the bone stronger

Question 4

what is absence of loading

Answer 4

when a horse is inactive the body will remove minerals it doesn’t think the bones need

Question 5

what is cartilage

Answer 5

found at the end of bones where they meet in a joint
reduces friction and absorbs shock

Question 6

what are growth plates

Answer 6

cartilage at the end of bone that calcifies and expands so that bones can grow as the horse gets older

Question 7

what are synovial joints

Answer 7

a junction between two or more bones
most common joint type in horses

Question 8

what are some common joint related issues or diseases

Answer 8

arthritis - inflammation in a joint
osetoarthritis - severe joint injuries and deterioration of cartilage
osteochondrosis- cartilage doesn’t form properly and fragmemts float in the joint

Question 9

what are tendons

Answer 9

bands of connective tissue made up mostly of collagen
very little stretch

Question 10

what are ligaments

Answer 10

connect bones to provide stability and have some stretch

Question 11

what is the common treatment for soft tissue injuries

Answer 11

stall rest
icing or cold hosing 2-3 times a day
poultice
bandaging for support

Question 12

what is lameness

Answer 12

can’t or hesitates to bear weight on a limb
sign of pain and changes horses stride

Question 13

signs of lameness

Answer 13

head nod with forelimb lameness
sacral rise or hip hike with hind lameness

Question 14

epidemic

Answer 14

increased incidence of a disease in a region

Question 15

host

Answer 15

an organism harbouring a disease on itself

Question 16

pathogen

Answer 16

any organism that produce infection or disease

Question 17

reservoir

Answer 17

the place where the organism is found - in the soil for example

Question 18

vector

Answer 18

organism that spreads infectious diseases without being diseased themselves

Question 19

zoonotic disease

Answer 19

an infectious disease transmitted from animals to humans

Question 20

what is direct transmission

Answer 20

infectious agent transmitted from animal to animal by direct contact with blood or body fluids or contact with saliva, nose to nose contact

Question 21

Indirect transmission

Answer 21

infectious agent can be transmitted by an object or third party

Question 22

vector transmission

Answer 22

an insect ot tick gets a disease from one animal and gives it to another

Question 23

what is bacterial disease

Answer 23

when a horses immune system is weakened and bacteria can then spread
salmonella, strangles e.coli

Question 24

signs of bacterial infection

Answer 24

diarrhea, coughing, runny nose fever lethargy

Question 25

what is an incubation period

Answer 25

amount of time from exposure until the pathogen causes a disease in the new host