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horse health > horse health > Flashcards

horse health Flashcards

1
Q

what is “normal” (Homeostasis)

A

a self regulating process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to changeing external conditions. ex: maintaining a reg. temp.

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2
Q

what is the integumentary system

A

skin plus specialized structures (hooves, hair, whiskers, subcutaneous muscles and fat)

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3
Q

what are the 3 major layers of skin

A

epidermis, dermis and subcutis

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4
Q

what is a sarcoid. how is it treated

A

-benign but locally aggressive tumor
-the most common
-watery look, resesmbles proud flesh
treatment: surgical removal or topical creams

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5
Q

what is mud fever. how is it treated

A

breaks in the skin leading to bacterial or fungal causing scaly patches, hair loss and inflammation on legs
treatment: clean with antibacterial soap, keep legs dry, ointments

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6
Q

what is rain rot. how is it treated

A

caused by opportunistic bacteria, enters through damaged skin causing crusty scabs or tufts that shed off and leave hairless patches.
treatment:change managment factors (blanket more often, more time in stall, more shelter) hygiene (groom and bath more) clean areas with anti bac soap

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7
Q

what are hives and how are they treated

A

round, raised bumps usually related to air-borne allergens, ingested allergens, vaccination or medication reactions.
treatment: steroids or antihistamines, oral powders or paste

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8
Q

what is equine papilloma virus and how is it treated

A

warts/lesions usually on the muzzle and lips and last approx. 60-100 days before horse builds natural immunity and warts disappear
treatment: usually not required

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9
Q

what is the cardiovascular system and its function

A

includes the heart and blood vessels
function: to distribute blood containing nutrients and oxygen to tissues of the body and to the lungs in exchange of gases and removes waste products via the blood and lymphatic

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10
Q

what are arteries

A

blood vessels that deliver oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues and organs of the body

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11
Q

what are veins

A

blood vessels that deliver oxygenated blood from organs to the tissues back to the heart

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12
Q

what are heart sounds and how many bpm is normal

A

heart sounds are produced by contraction of muscle fibers in the heart pushing blood out and resulting in vibrations in the heart due to the circulation of blood
normal heart rate: 24-46bpm

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13
Q

what are heart murmurs

A

Sounds such as whooshing or swishing
• Heart murmurs can be harmless or effect performance

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14
Q

what are arrythmias

A

abnormalities of the rate, regularity, or site of heartbeat formation.
• Many arrhythmias have no effect on function, others can affect performance or be fatal

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15
Q

what is the respiratory system and its function

A

Highly specialized for exercise; even the
slightest change from normal can limit a horse’s performance.
Function: to deliver oxygen to the blood to supply tissues and organs with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

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16
Q

what is the normal respiratory rate

A

8-16 bpm

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17
Q

What signs would indicate
a horse was having
respiratory issues?

A

coughing, nasal disgarge, reluctance to work, respiratory difficulty

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18
Q

Most common respiratory diseases

A

Equine influenza (flu) is the most common viral respiratory disease in horses. It affects the upper and lower respiratory tract of horses

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19
Q

what is the gastrointestinal system

A

The gastrointestinal system is responsible for turning food into usable sources of energy and eliminating the waste products

20
Q

what is included in the GI system

A

Oral cavity, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large Intestine, Cecum, small and large colon, Rectum

21
Q

what is hypomotile

A

decreased motolity in the horses GI tract

22
Q

what is hypermotile

A

increased (too much) movement in the GI tract

23
Q

what is the function of the urinary system

A

Functions: Gets rid of the waste products that are created
when food is transformed into energy and maintains the correct balance of water and electrolytes (salts) within the
body.

24
Q

what is included in the urinary system

A

Kidneys
Ureters (tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder)
Bladder
Urethra (the tube through which urine exits the body).

25
Q

when does the mares estrous cycle typically take place

A

late april or early may until august

26
Q

what are the 2 phases of the mares cycle

A

estrous phase (in heat)
diestrous phase (out of heat)

27
Q

intestinal parasites

A

eggs produced by adult worms are shed in manure in pastures and can infect new horses

28
Q

problems parasites can cause

A

horse requires more nutrients
can cause anemia
young horses grow slower
can reduce performance
can suppress the immune system
deadly in foals

29
Q

internal parasites that cause health problems are

A

nemotodes
roundworms
tapeworms
stomach bots

30
Q

large strongyle

A

most harmful
severe infection or life threatening
life cycle is 6 - 7 months
infected when horse consumes grass feed or water with larvae in it which burrow into arteries and then move to the intestines where they turn into worms

31
Q

signs of large strongyle

A

weight loss
poor coat, diarrhea
colic, anemia

treatment - dewormer

32
Q

small strongyles
(redworms or cyanthostomins)

A

similar life cycle to large strongyles
found on pature grasses
most common worms in horses

pretty much resistant to deworming

33
Q

ascarids (roundworms)

A

affects foals and weanlings
develop immunity as they grow

34
Q

transmission of roundworms

A

females pass eggs into poop
foal or yearling gets from eating grass or off feeeders and stall walls or water
eggs hatch larvae that travel through veings to lungs
then coughed up and swallowed and move into small intestine

35
Q

signs of roundworms

A

potbelly, rough coat, slow growth, coughing, colic

treatment - proper deworming meds on schedule
treatment can cause intestinal blockage as dead parasites bind up instentines causing impaction colic

36
Q

tapeworms

A

attach to intestinal lining
absorb nutrients and damage tissues
No real signs show up until colic symptoms start

37
Q

stomach bots

A

bot flies lay eggs on horse coats
horses eat them and they develop larvae in the mouth
then they move to stomach and attach to the lining can stay there for months

need dewormer, should remove bot eggs from coat regularly

38
Q

pinworms

A

lay eggs around butthole
causes itch
constant scratching causes hair loss and sores

39
Q

threadworms

A

natual immunity usually deveops by 6 months
transferred to foals by mothers milk

40
Q

fendabendazole

A
41
Q
A

dewormer for pinworms and threadworms

42
Q

dewormer for stomach bots

A

ivermectin moxidectin

43
Q

dewormer for tapeworms

A

praziquantel

44
Q

dewormer for roundworms

A

fenbendazole
pyrantel pamoate

45
Q

dewormer for small strongyles

A

resistant to most dewormers
ivermectin, moxidectin, pyrantel pamoate, fenbendazole

46
Q

dewormers for large strongyle

A

ivermectin
fenbendazole
pyrantel pamoate

horse health (3 decks)

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