LAM I Final Materia Part 2 (because BS Sucks) Flashcards
Not made by Chris (WHO MADE THIS)
Hyperlipidemia is associated w/ _______
Insulin resistance
What is the medical tx for animal with hyperlipidemia?
FOOD! Feed them!
Can also do a glucose drip
Cresty neck syndrome is associated w/ horses ages _________aged
Older
Animals with cresty neck usually have recurrent________
Low grade laminitis
diseases that can present as crest neck=
HYPOthyroidism
PPID
EMS
T/F: overweight horses are HYPOthyroid
False, there are very few “true” HYPOthyrpid cases/
What test is used to determine if a horse is HYPOthyroid?
TSH
T3/4 are not considered reliable in a horse
PPID horses classical present as:
HAPPY HARRY HUNGRY HORSES 😀💇🏻🍔🐴
PPID is usually seen in what age group?
Older horses (19-20yrs old)
Pu/Pd, type 2 DM, excessive sweating, mm. wasting, cresty neck, hairy discribes what disease?
PPID
How is PPID dx? What is the tx?
Dex suppression test
Pergolide
T/F: EMS is similar to PPID in that we see laminitis and hair loss
False; it is similar to PPID but does not have hairloss
What is the normal GFR of a horse?
1000L/day
What is normal urine output of a horse?
15-30ml/kg/day
T/F: plasma is typically 3-4x more concentrated then urine
False: urine is typically 3-4x more concentrated then plasma
T/F: most nephroliths are incidental findings
True
What is the most commonly caused urinary problem characterized by hematuria after exercise
Cystic & urethra calculi
What is the cause of calculi?
High ca+ diets like ALFALFA
How can you tx calculi?
Feed acidifying diet
Avoid alfalfa
Feed salt
What does normal CSF tap look like? Color- TP- WBC- RCB-
Color- clear
TP-
What is the Albumin quotient?
Go look it up it will be on the exam!
What disease should alway be your #1 ddx in neuro cases?
RABIES! Until prove otherwise
How does a CSF sample look w/ rabies?
Like a bacterial infection
TP- incre
WBC- incre.
Nø- incre
What diseases are reportable?
Rabies- duh
West Nile
EEE
What does pleiocytosis mean?
Increased blood count int the CSF
Which equine encephalitis is the most severe? Which is the least severe?
VEE
WEE
Which EE has rodent as a reservoir?
VEE
If you see a horse with weakness ataxia and mm fasciculations what dz should you think of
West Nile; rabies is associated w/ symmetric ataxia as a result of loss of proprioception. WN is because the horse isnt strong enough to stand so may “dog-sit”
Whats cells predominate in the CSF w/ West Nile?
Nø
What are the 2 types of head trauma?
Frontal and basilar fractures
How do basilar fx usually occur?
Horse flips over backwards and whacks its noggin right on the poll
What specific bone is most often damaged w/ basilar fx’s?
Basisphenoid= whiplash
What condition is seen with bleeding from the ear? What other structure might also be effected?
Basilar fx
Facial n.- paralysis
What is the tx for basilar fx’s?
1#= Methylpred
NSAIDS
DMSO
Mannitol- if there is not hemorrage
What nerves are effected w/ vestibular dz?
5, 6, 8
T/F: horses get really itchy ears w/ otitis
False no pruritis
Peripheral nystagmus= (∆/ no ∆) in head position. Usually (horizontal/vertical/rotational)
No ∆
Horizontal (can be rotational)
Central nystagmus= (∆/ no ∆) in head position. Usually (horizontal/vertical/rotational)
Change in head position
All directions
What is paradoxical vestibular dz?
When the rotation are opposite the lesion
Fast twitch (healthy twitch) is _____of the lesion
AWAY
tWitch=aWay
Acute vestibular dz is caused by:
Tempotohyoid osteoarthropathy= associated w/ head shaking
What are the risk facots of TO?
Yawning
Eating hard feed
Wobbler’s is usually seen in what type of horses?
Young large breeds= rapid growth
- drafts
- thouroughbreds
In regards to wobblers you my see _____ ______ of the neck
Focal atrophy
What limbs are worse with wobblers? Forelimbs or Hindlimbs
Hindlimbs
Saggital rotation will be decreased throughout the entire cervical canal. If C3/4 is
C3/4=
Young horses w/ wobblers are ________ at C_____
Older horses w/ wobblers are _________at C_____
Dynamic; C3/4
Static; C6/7
What is the tx for wobblers?
PACE diet
Ventral stabilization
What age group is effected by EPM?
Young horses (2-4yrs)
What are the 3 A’s of EPM
Asymmetric
Ataxia
Atrophy
Whdat is the cause of EPM
Sarcocystis neurona- from the opposum
What is the ONLY approved tx for EPM
Ponazuril
What should you never give to an EPM horse?
STEROIDS
What are 3 complications of tx for EPM horses?
Antifolate toxicity
Relapse
Not being aggressive enough w/ NSAIDS
Equine Herpes is characterised by_______
A high fever (>105) and necrotizing vasculitis
Will also seen nasal discharge, cough and neuro signs
What are the pathognomonic C/S for equine herpes
Tail HYPOtonia
Urinary incontinence
How to you isolate the herpes virus in a horse?
Nasal swab
What is the tx for herpes?
Antivirals and steroids
What age group is most effected by EDM?
Young
What causes EDM?
Spending long times in dirt lot/pasture
Insecticides
Pressure treated wood
Do we see symmetric or asymmetric ataxia w/ EDM?
Symmetric- spastic all 4 legs Worse in hindlimbs UMN Dog-sitting HYPOreflexia of cutaneous trunci
What part of the spinal chord does EDM effect?
White matter
What is the tx for EDM?
- There aint one…but some will give Vit E (might have something to do w/ vit E levels???)
- it is also imprortant that horse is on fresh pasture/feed
What breed is at most risk for Hyperlipidemia?
Fat little ponies
