LAM I Final Materia Part 2 (because BS Sucks)

Question 1

Hyperlipidemia is associated w/ _______

Answer 1

Insulin resistance

Question 2

What is the medical tx for animal with hyperlipidemia?

Answer 2

FOOD! Feed them!

Can also do a glucose drip

Question 3

Cresty neck syndrome is associated w/ horses ages _________aged

Answer 3

Older

Question 4

Animals with cresty neck usually have recurrent________

Answer 4

Low grade laminitis

Question 5

diseases that can present as crest neck=

Answer 5

HYPOthyroidism
PPID
EMS

Question 6

T/F: overweight horses are HYPOthyroid

Answer 6

False, there are very few “true” HYPOthyrpid cases/

Question 7

What test is used to determine if a horse is HYPOthyroid?

Answer 7

TSH

T3/4 are not considered reliable in a horse

Question 8

PPID horses classical present as:

Answer 8

HAPPY HARRY HUNGRY HORSES 😀💇🏻🍔🐴

Question 9

PPID is usually seen in what age group?

Answer 9

Older horses (19-20yrs old)

Question 10

Pu/Pd, type 2 DM, excessive sweating, mm. wasting, cresty neck, hairy discribes what disease?

Answer 10

PPID

Question 11

How is PPID dx? What is the tx?

Answer 11

Dex suppression test

Pergolide

Question 12

T/F: EMS is similar to PPID in that we see laminitis and hair loss

Answer 12

False; it is similar to PPID but does not have hairloss

Question 13

What is the normal GFR of a horse?

Answer 13

1000L/day

Question 14

What is normal urine output of a horse?

Answer 14

15-30ml/kg/day

Question 15

T/F: plasma is typically 3-4x more concentrated then urine

Answer 15

False: urine is typically 3-4x more concentrated then plasma

Question 16

T/F: most nephroliths are incidental findings

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is the most commonly caused urinary problem characterized by hematuria after exercise

Answer 17

Cystic & urethra calculi

Question 18

What is the cause of calculi?

Answer 18

High ca+ diets like ALFALFA

Question 19

How can you tx calculi?

Answer 19

Feed acidifying diet
Avoid alfalfa
Feed salt

Question 20

What does normal CSF tap look like?
Color-
TP-
WBC-
RCB-

Answer 20

Color- clear

TP-

Question 21

What is the Albumin quotient?

Answer 21

Go look it up it will be on the exam!

Question 22

What disease should alway be your #1 ddx in neuro cases?

Answer 22

RABIES! Until prove otherwise

Question 23

How does a CSF sample look w/ rabies?

Answer 23

Like a bacterial infection
TP- incre
WBC- incre.
Nø- incre

Question 24

What diseases are reportable?

Answer 24

Rabies- duh
West Nile
EEE

Question 25

What does pleiocytosis mean?

Answer 25

Increased blood count int the CSF

Question 26

Which equine encephalitis is the most severe? Which is the least severe?

Answer 26

VEE | WEE

Question 27

Which EE has rodent as a reservoir?

Answer 27

VEE

Question 28

If you see a horse with weakness ataxia and mm fasciculations what dz should you think of

Answer 28

West Nile; rabies is associated w/ symmetric ataxia as a result of loss of proprioception. WN is because the horse isnt strong enough to stand so may "dog-sit"

Question 29

Whats cells predominate in the CSF w/ West Nile?

Answer 29

Nø

Question 30

What are the 2 types of head trauma?

Answer 30

Frontal and basilar fractures

Question 31

How do basilar fx usually occur?

Answer 31

Horse flips over backwards and whacks its noggin right on the poll

Question 32

What specific bone is most often damaged w/ basilar fx's?

Answer 32

Basisphenoid= whiplash

Question 33

What condition is seen with bleeding from the ear? What other structure might also be effected?

Answer 33

Basilar fx | Facial n.- paralysis

Question 34

What is the tx for basilar fx's?

Answer 34

1#= Methylpred NSAIDS DMSO Mannitol- if there is not hemorrage

Question 35

What nerves are effected w/ vestibular dz?

Answer 35

5, 6, 8

Question 36

T/F: horses get really itchy ears w/ otitis

Answer 36

False no pruritis

Question 37

Peripheral nystagmus= (∆/ no ∆) in head position. Usually (horizontal/vertical/rotational)

Answer 37

No ∆ | Horizontal (can be rotational)

Question 38

Central nystagmus= (∆/ no ∆) in head position. Usually (horizontal/vertical/rotational)

Answer 38

Change in head position | All directions

Question 39

What is paradoxical vestibular dz?

Answer 39

When the rotation are opposite the lesion

Question 40

Fast twitch (healthy twitch) is _____of the lesion

Answer 40

AWAY | tWitch=aWay

Question 41

Acute vestibular dz is caused by:

Answer 41

Tempotohyoid osteoarthropathy= associated w/ head shaking

Question 42

What are the risk facots of TO?

Answer 42

Yawning | Eating hard feed

Question 43

Wobbler's is usually seen in what type of horses?

Answer 43

Young large breeds= rapid growth - drafts - thouroughbreds

Question 44

In regards to wobblers you my see _____ ______ of the neck

Answer 44

Focal atrophy

Question 45

What limbs are worse with wobblers? Forelimbs or Hindlimbs

Answer 45

Hindlimbs

Question 46

Saggital rotation will be decreased throughout the entire cervical canal. If C3/4 is

Answer 46

C3/4=

Question 47

Young horses w/ wobblers are ________ at C_____ | Older horses w/ wobblers are _________at C_____

Answer 47

Dynamic; C3/4 | Static; C6/7

Question 48

What is the tx for wobblers?

Answer 48

PACE diet | Ventral stabilization

Question 49

What age group is effected by EPM?

Answer 49

Young horses (2-4yrs)

Question 50

What are the 3 A's of EPM

Answer 50

Asymmetric Ataxia Atrophy

Question 51

Whdat is the cause of EPM

Answer 51

Sarcocystis neurona- from the opposum

Question 52

What is the ONLY approved tx for EPM

Answer 52

Ponazuril

Question 53

What should you never give to an EPM horse?

Answer 53

STEROIDS

Question 54

What are 3 complications of tx for EPM horses?

Answer 54

Antifolate toxicity Relapse Not being aggressive enough w/ NSAIDS

Question 55

Equine Herpes is characterised by_______

Answer 55

A high fever (>105) and necrotizing vasculitis | Will also seen nasal discharge, cough and neuro signs

Question 56

What are the pathognomonic C/S for equine herpes

Answer 56

Tail HYPOtonia | Urinary incontinence

Question 57

How to you isolate the herpes virus in a horse?

Answer 57

Nasal swab

Question 58

What is the tx for herpes?

Answer 58

Antivirals and steroids

Question 59

What age group is most effected by EDM?

Answer 59

Young

Question 60

What causes EDM?

Answer 60

Spending long times in dirt lot/pasture Insecticides Pressure treated wood

Question 61

Do we see symmetric or asymmetric ataxia w/ EDM?

Answer 61

``` Symmetric- spastic all 4 legs Worse in hindlimbs UMN Dog-sitting HYPOreflexia of cutaneous trunci ```

Question 62

What part of the spinal chord does EDM effect?

Answer 62

White matter

Question 63

What is the tx for EDM?

Answer 63

- There aint one...but some will give Vit E (might have something to do w/ vit E levels???) - it is also imprortant that horse is on fresh pasture/feed

Question 64

What breed is at most risk for Hyperlipidemia?

Answer 64

Fat little ponies