LAM I Exam II Material Flashcards
What drug is most often used initially in non-strangulating colic cases?
Flunixin Meglumine
T/F: Nervous and tense horses seem to be predisposed to developing DDSP
True
likely by natural head/neck position when in this state of behavior

A middle-aged or older afebrile horse with recurrent seasonal episodes of expiratory dyspnea/distress is the classic presentation for what respiratory disorder in horses?
recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)
What laryngeal hemiplegia (LH) treatment option can be performed if the owner is only really worried about the noise associated with the disorder?
ventriculectomy, ventriculocordectomy
reduces noise and stabilizes arytenoid cartilage; does not improve airway mechanics as well as other procedures
T/F: In Type II IAD, eosinophils make up greater than 2% of the total cell count
False
- In Type II IAD, mast cells make up greater than 2% of the total cell count*
- In Type III IAD, eosinophils make up greater than 3% of the total cell count*
What age group is most affected by laryngeal hemiplegia?
all ages are affected, but incidence is highest in young horses (2-3 yr old racehorses)
T/F: CBC and serum chemistry is typically normal in cases of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)
True
T/F: Laryngoplasty is indicated for treatment of laryngeal hemiplegia in grade IIIB, IIIC, and IV affected horses
True
What is your diagnosis?

left laryngeal hemiplegia
In Type III IAD, eosinophils make up greater than ____% of the total cell count
> 3% of total cell count
In Type III IAD, eosinophils make up greater than 3% of the total cell count
Which is the predominant cell type in the BAL of horses with RAO?
Neutrophils
When strangles begins to spread and become more generalized than just the lymph nodes draining the throat, this is termed:
bastard strangles
- Metastasis to lymph nodes throughout body, most commonly to lung, mesentery, liver, spleen, kidney, brain
- Typically involves the abdomen (Can lead to local and diffuse peritonitis – adhesions and ileus)
- Difficult to treat, long-term antimicrobial therapy – often results in death of affected horse

What is the most likely diagnosis for the picture shown?

Epiglottic entrapment
EE is an upper airway condition that can produce exercise intolerance, respiratory noise, & occasional coughing (especially when eating)
What is the predominant cell type encountered in Type III IAD?
What is the preferred treatment option?
eosinophils
Treat with corticosteroids
What are the two types of DDSP? Which is more common?
intermittent and persistent
intermittent (IDDSP) is more common
If you see Curshmann Spirals in the BAL evaluation of a horse with overexpanded lung fields, what would you expect to find on pulmonary auscultation?
expiratory wheeze
The question is describing a horse with RAO.
On thoracic auscultation of a depressed tachypneic horse you hear loud breath sounds over the dorsal lung fields. At approximately the level of the point of the shoulder breath sounds completely disappear and you hear louder heart sounds throughout the thorax from this point ventrally.
Based on these physical findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Pleuropneumonia
What is the predominant cell type encountered in Type II IAD?
What is the preferred treatment option?
Mast cells
Treat with cromolyn sodium (mast cell stabilizer)
What is the drug of choice for treatment of all complicated strangles cases?
Penicillin
T/F: High populations of neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells are characteristic for recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)
False
Neutrophilic inflammation (35-50% of total cells) is characteristic for RAO. Eosinophils and mast cells are NOT characteristic of this disease
What corticosteroid should you use in a horse with RAO and mild dyspnea at rest?
prednisolone
Transferrin is the carrier protein responsible for iron transport and distribution in the body. It can be measured by evaluation of __________
TIBC
Total Iron Binding Capacity
Which one of the following is not a part of strangles control on a horse farm?
- Quarantine new arrivals to stable
- Prophylactic antibiotics for close contacts
- Isolate clinically affected animals
- Clean water and feed buckets, utensils, hands
- Identify / isolate persistent carriers
Prophylactic antibiotics for close contacts
What would you expect to see on CBC in a horse with bacterial pneumonia secondary to equine influenza?
neutrophilic leukocytosis with hyperfibrinogenemia


















