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Geog 2 > Lagos > Flashcards

Lagos Flashcards

1
Q

Population:

A
  • 17 million
  • Most populated city in Nigeria
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2
Q

Location:

A
  • Southwest of Nigeria
  • On the coast of the Gulf of Guinea
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3
Q

Regional importance:

A
  • Lagos in its provision of schools, universities, hospitals, opportunities for employment, leisure and recreation
  • Thriving arts and cultural scene in Lagos
  • A transport hub, with an international airport and important docks. These provide raw materials for local industries as well as exporting products
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4
Q

National importance

A
  • 80% of Nigerias industry
  • Generates about 25% of Nigeria’s gross domestic product (GDP)
  • 80% of Nigeria’s imports and 70% of its exports pass through the docks
  • Lagos is Nigeria’s media centre + film industry
  • Nigeria’s finance centre - home to many banks
  • Most large companies and transnational corperations (TNCs) have their head quarters in Lagos
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5
Q

International importance

A
  • One of the highest standards of living in Nigeria and Africa
  • Apapa port 5th busiest in Africa
  • Venue for major sporting events e.g AFCON
  • Lagos International Trade Fair - major international business forum
  • ICT centre of West Africa
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6
Q

How has lagos grown:

A
  • Initially a fishing village
  • Developed into thriving colonial sea port
  • Since 1970s, oil boom has drawn many people there
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7
Q

Opportunities associated with growth: access to services schools and hospitals

A
  • Health care - greater access to doctors, hospitals and clinics
  • Education - state schools by Lagos State government, howm to many universities and training colleges
  • There are roughly 1000 primary schools, 670 secondary schools and 11 univerities e.g Yaba College of Technology with 16,000 students + University of Lagos
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8
Q

Opportunities associated with growth: access to resources

A
  • Water supply - the Lagos Water Corperation claims to supply over 12 million people with drinking water and The Water Master Plan aims to meed rising demands by constructing several new water treatment plants
  • Energy - Lagos provides better acces to energy. 80% of population rely on diesel generators - Future Proofing Lagos - Energy Sector aims to provide 100% access to energy (currently 60%) + street lighting for all commercial areas) + at least 20% use of renewables
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9
Q

Population by 2050

A
  • Expected to double
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10
Q

Challanges associated with growth: managing urban growth

A
  • Lack of affordable property - people are forced to build their own homes
  • Squatter settlements are built
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11
Q

Facts about squatter settlements

A
  • Home are mostly constructed from waste materials such as corrugated iron, wooden planks and even cardboard
  • 75% of households occupy a single room
  • Over 50% of households lack a kitchen, bath or toilet
  • Only 11% have access to safe piped water - majority use wells or boreholes
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12
Q

Makoko

A
  • Squatter settlement on edge of Lagos Lagoon
  • Shortage of land - some houses are built on stilts on water
  • Many work in informal sector (paying no taxes) + fishing
  • In 2012, local authorities started to demolish parts
  • Caused thousands to become homeless
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13
Q

Sanitation

A
  • Most people have no access to flush toiltes
  • Many use pit latrines - waste either drains into soil or pours into open drains and rivers
  • Lagos Lagoon and its many creeks heavily polluted with raw sewage
  • Difficult to provide proper sanitation as they are so densely packed
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14
Q

Water supply

A
  • Only 11% have access to safe piped water supplies
  • The majority dig wells or boreholes
  • Some buy from street vendors - this is untreated and may be contaminated with pollutants
  • In 2012, Lagos State Water Regulatory Commision began to regulate street vendors and license boreholes to try to provide all people with safe water
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15
Q

Energy

A
  • Energy is a big issue - most organisations rely on back-up generators to keep the lights on
  • Overpriced energy bill push people into poverty
  • New power stations are planned + 14 planned solar plants
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16
Q

Problems with health care

A
  • Not always free
  • Can be long queues to see a doctor
  • Vaccinations are available but must be paid for
  • Investment in healthcare is not keeping up with population growth
  • Residents are at risk of Malaria and Typhoid
  • Wealthier people seek health abroad
17
Q

Education

A
  • Free education for all youger children - however in the poorest areas, childred have to work to provide money for their families
  • Secondary schools are limited and mostly private
  • Not enought universities for the city (11)
  • Industries are beign encouraged to work with universities to create relevant courses to create employment opportunities
  • The use of e-learning in the future could extend education to more people
18
Q

Unemployment

A
  • Unemployment rate is relatively low, just below 10%
  • With no unemployment benefit, people are forced to earn money either legally by paying taxes in the formal sector or illegally
  • Illegal jobs in the informal sector include street vending, car washing and waste recycling e.g the Olusosun landfill site.
  • These can be poorly paid, unregulated and dangerous
  • In 2016, the Employment Trust Fund provided loans to help people become self employed
19
Q

Crime

A
  • Crime rates are high
  • Drugs vandalism and theft are high as well as assault, armed robbery, bribery and corruption
  • Kidnapping is a threat for foreigners
  • Cyber-fraud and scams are becoming an increasing problem within Lagos’ financial community
  • Violent clashing between street gangs known as the ‘Area Boys’
20
Q

Managing environmental issues: waste disposal

A
  • The city authorities collect just 40% of 10,000 tonnes of waste produced daily
  • Waste is dumped in huge landfill sights e.g Olusosun at the heart of the city
  • Only 13% of waste is recycled - most is done by the 500 people who work informally at the site collecting and then selling materials, such as plastic bottles and clothing
  • Waste piles up in many areas
21
Q

Managing environmental issues: pollution

A
  • Air pollution is 5 times the international recommended limit
  • Poorly maintained and unregulated vehicles that release pollution
  • Water pollution - waste contaminates ground water supplies
  • In 2018 there were 11200 premature deaths due to air pollution, and 60% of these deaths were of children under 5 years old
22
Q

Managing environmental issues: traffic congestion

A
  • One of the most concentrated cities in the world
  • Average commuter spend 3 hours in traffic every day
  • Causes high levels of pollution and causes businesses to lose money
  • There are around 1 million registered vehicles in the city, but it is believed that only 40% of the vehicles are registered
  • 40% of new cars bought in Nigeria are registered in Lagos
  • Physical difficulties - Lagos Lagoon
23
Q

Plans to reduce traffic congestion

A
  • Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority has introduced a bus rapid transit system
  • Built a seperate bus lane that transports 200,000 commuter each day
  • A large fleet of minibus taxis ‘danfos’ operate in the city - often overcrowded
  • In 2016 a new railway opened
24
Q

Strategic Transport Master Plan:

A
  • An integrated transport system linking road, railway and waterway
  • A new water way network with ferries to transport commuters
  • More efficient roads with dedicated bus lanes
  • Mixed use developments, with commercial and residential uses so that people do not have to commute so far
  • New airport on Lekki peninsula
  • Improved opportunities for walking and cycling
25
Q

Government action to improve people’s lives

A
  • With support from the International Development Association, a seven year upgrading programme went underway
  • Over 1 milliion people benefited from thr upgrading of delapidated roads + construction of new schools and health centres + toilets and sinking boreholes to obtain water
  • Members of the community carrying out the work gained new skills
26
Q

Other policies to improve people’s lives

A
  • Floating houses in the Lagos Lagoon - in 2014, the Makoko floating school was contstructed
  • The Water Master plan
  • The Lagos State Government’s ‘Future Proofing Lagos - Energy Sector’ project
  • The Lagos State Water Regulatory Commission to provide people with safe water

Geog 2 (11 decks)

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