Economic change in the UK Flashcards
1
Q
How has the UK’s industrial structure changed
A
- Primary sector decline - mechanisation
- Manufacturing industry decline - mechanisation + competition from abroad
- Service sector increased - expansion of public services and growth of financial services
- Research and development has become more important
2
Q
What is deindustrialisation
A
- Involves the decline in heavy industries
- Regions that depended heavily on manufacturing were affected - unemployment
3
Q
What is globalisation
A
The process which has created a more connected world, with increases in the movement of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide
4
Q
Information technology benefits
A
- Data stored very quickly and in vast amounts
- Information can be accessed anywhere
- Attracts business - investment
- Work from home
- Employment
- Service and research industries boomed
5
Q
Information technology benefits
A
- Data stored very quickly and in vast amounts
- Information can be accessed anywhere
- Attracts business - investment
- Work from home
- Employment
- Service and research industries boomed
6
Q
Service industries
A
- Largest sector in the UK
- Financial sector employs 2 million people
7
Q
Financial sector
A
- Emplys 60,000
- Contributes to £3 billion to the UK economy
- Linked to UK universities
- One of UK’s fastest growing industries
8
Q
Science parks
A
- Located on the edge of univerisity cietes - Southampton, Oxford and Cambridge
- Good transport links
- Attractive work environments
- 100 science parks in the UK employing around 75000 people
9
Q
Science park example: Cambridge
A
- Located 3km from city centre
- Access to A14 and M11
- Several Cambridge colleges with links to businesses on the science parks
- Employs graduates from Cambridge
- Staff benefit from attractive working environment
- Involved in biomedical research + computer-telecommunications
- E.g Abcam (antibodies Cambridge) is a biometrical company that is worth over £1 billion and employs 200 highly qualified graduates
10
Q
Business parks
A
- Involves a group of small businesses on a single plot of land
- Located on edge of towns and cities: land is cheap, good transport links
- Involve retailing and small-scale manufacturing + research and development
11
Q
Impact of industry on the physical environment
A
- Waste material often toxic - can pollute land or water supplies
- Greenhouse gases - smogs + global warming
- Landscapes destroyed by coal mining
12
Q
Social changes in an area of population growth
A
- Cambridge population of 154,000 expected to increase to 182,000 by 2050 as people move to the countryside and migrants move to the city
- Rising house prices + modern developments in villages can cause tensions with local people
- A village with a high proportion of commuters may become very dead during the day
- Car-owning commuters do not need puplic transport - services may be reduced affecting local people
