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FA Nutrition > Lactation > Flashcards

Lactation Flashcards

1
Q

A traditional lactation curve can be described as…

A

Upside down Nike swoosh

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2
Q

When is a cow’s peak milk production?

A

50-70 DIM

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3
Q

What is energy corrected milk?

A

How many calories came out of the udder

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4
Q

T/F: NEB is greatest within the first 1-3 weeks of lactation

A

True - most believe it would be highest during peak lactation, but she’s in more of a deficit immediately after parturition

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5
Q

What is the largest factor in NEB: amount of milk being produced (calories out) vs dry matter intake (calories in)?

A

75% intake, 25% milk

How much you eat is a bigger variable than how much you’re producing

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6
Q

What are the basic components of a lactating cow diet?

A

Dry matter
Protein
Fiber
Ca and P
Trace minerals

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7
Q

What is the preferred measure of fiber?

A

NDF

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8
Q

Where do we find most of the fiber?

A

Cell wall
Common source is hay

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9
Q

Where do we find most of the NSCs (non-structural carbohydrates)?

A

Cell contents
Common source is grain

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10
Q

Why is corn silage kinda cool?

A

Mixture of grain and fiber

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11
Q

How does fermentation rate differ between fiber and starch/sugar? What about soluble fiber?

A
  • Starch/sugars are rapidly fermented and can lead to acidosis
  • Fiber takes longer
  • Soluble fiber are fermented somewhat rapidly
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12
Q

For funsies…what are the three VFAs?

A

Acetate
Propionate
Butyrate

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13
Q

If you want more milk, what do you feed?

A

Grain

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14
Q

If you want more fat in the milk, what do you feed?

A

Add fiber

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15
Q

T/F: NDF (Neutral Detergent Fibers) are listed as a nutrient requirement

A

False - not a “requirement” meaning they won’t die without it, but it should still be prioritized

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16
Q

T/F: Too much ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) is associated with feeding too much grain and can lead to rumen acidosis

A

True

17
Q

What does effective fiber promote?

A

Promotes cud chewing

18
Q

______% of resting cows should be chewing their cud

A

~ 50%

Kinda tells us how happy the rumen is

19
Q

Why does the cow put so much bicarbonate and P into saliva?

A

Bicarbonate acts as a ruminal buffer!

Phosphorus acts as a snack for the bugs!

20
Q

Most feeds contain about 3% fat, what happens when we have too much fat in a diet (>7%)?

A

Depresses microbial digestion of fiber

21
Q

Define degradable protein

A

Proteins that are broken down into ammonia and CHO in the rumen

22
Q

Define undegradable (bypass) protein

A

Protein that is not degraded in the rumen and either is utilized in the small intestine or lost in feces

23
Q

What is the SUPERIOR protein source?

A

Microbial protein - leaves the rumen in the form of bugs

24
Q

What is the benefit of adding grain to the diet (lead feeding) during the dry period?

A

Adapts bugs
Enhances rumen papillae - better absorption!

25
Q

What is TMR?

A

Total mixed ration - each bite contains the same balanced nutrients

26
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of TMR

A

Adv: balanced ration
Disadvan: some ingredients do not mix well, cows can be good at separating

27
Q

What’s an advantage of tie stall barns?

A

Because each cow is given their own space, customized feeding is possible, but this is more labor intensive

28
Q

What are some basic feed bunk management guidelines?

A

1 waterer/25-30 cows
Good footing, light, ventilation
2-2.5 feet of bunk/cow
Provide feed for 20-22h/d
Feed at least 2x/day
Push up between feedings

29
Q

In general, in a Holstein, milk fat should be >_____% and protein should be around ______%

A

3.5, 3

Protein:Fat inversion indicates not enough fiber in the diet

30
Q

What is Posilac?

A

Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) - increases milk production by 6-20%

Unfortunately most major dairy cooperative will not buy milk from rBST cows

31
Q

What is the general rule about BCS loss in dairy cows?

A

Cows should not decrease more than 1 condition score from freshening to peak production

32
Q

What is 1 BCS equivalent to in lbs?

A

125-175

33
Q

T/F: The average cow will have the highest BCS during peak lactation

A

False - peak lactation will actually be the lowest (2.0-3.5)

34
Q

A cow has a V line from hooks (tuber coxae) to thurl (greater trochanter) to pins (tuber ischiae). What BCS is she?

A

< or equal to a 3

35
Q

If the line between the hooks, thurl, and pins makes a U, what BCS is a dairy cow?

A

3.25

36
Q

Both sacral and tail heads ligaments are not visible and the line between the hooks, thurl, and pins is flat, what BCS is she?

A

4

FA Nutrition (14 decks)

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