Lachmans Lower Limb Flashcards
How does the sciatic nerve enter the gluteal region?
Exits the pelvis and enters the gluteal region by passing through the greater sciatic foramen.
In most cases, the sciatic nerve passes inferior to the piriformis muscle.
However, in a common variation, the common fibular portion of the sciatic nerve passes above the piriformis muscle or through the muscle.
What muscles are innervated by the superior and inferior gluteal nerves?
Superior gluteal nerve : Gluteus medius, minimus, TFL
Inferior gluteal nerve Gluteus maximus muscle
Where is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the branches of the common fibular nerve? (What are the branches? 3 Main ones)
Sural branch of the common fibular nerve- Sensory innervation to the skin of the lateral calf.
Superficial fibular nerve- Sensory innervation to the skin of the lateral leg, the anterior leg, and dorsum of the foot.
Deep fibular nerve- Provides sensory innervation to the skin of the webspace between the first and second toes.
What muscles are external rotators of the hip?
Gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus/externus, the superior and inferior gemelli, and the quadratus femoris.
What are the Origins/ Innervations/ Actions/ arterial supply to the Lateral rotators of the hip?
Complete anatomy
Why does a fracture of the femoral neck place the femoral head at risk of avascular necrosis?
Primary blood supply to the head of the femur comes from the medial femoral circumflex artery(branch of the deep
femoral artery)
These branches pierce the fibrous capsule of the hip joint and run upward and medially along the posterior aspects of the neck.
They course beneath the synovial membrane surrounding the neck to enter the head through bony foramina near the epiphyseal line.
A fracture to the femoral neck can compromise these vessels, thus depriving the femoral head of its major blood supply
What nerves provide sensory innervation to the hip joint
Femoral, Obturator, and Tibial nerve
What are the important structural differences between the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus of the knee
Medial meniscus: C-shaped, Firmly anchored on its peripheral margin to the deep portion of the tibial collateral ligament - less movile than lateral (More firm)
Lateral: More O/ circular, Smaller, More mobile, Less prone to injury
What are the functions of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
ACL- Limits excessive anterior mobility
PCL- Limits posterior movility of tibia on Femur (Crosses the ACL posteriorly)
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), which crosses the ACL? and Attaches? Behind or infront of ACL?
Posteriorly, and also attaches to the
intercondylar area of the tibia but behind the ACL
What are the attachments of the ACL?
lateral femoral condyle, within the intercondylar notch.
Anterior intercondylar area of the tibia
(anteromedial aspect of the intercondylar area on the tibial plateau and passes upwards and backwards to attach to the posteromedial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle)
What are the attachments of the PCL?
Anterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle within the notch
To
posterior aspect of the tibial plateau
What muscle is responsible for “unlocking” the knee at the begin- ning of knee flexion?
Popliteus
What are the origin and termination of the popliteal artery? (Passes through.. and does what in the Fossa?)
Femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus to enter the popliteal fossa.
At the inferior end of the fossa, the artery terminates by dividing into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
What arterial landmark at the pelvic brim can be used to identify the location of the ureter?
Anterior to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery
The ureter crosses immediately anterior to the origin of the external iliac artery
What structures are within the femoral sheath?
femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral lymphatics.
The femoral nerve is outside the sheath on its lateral side
The femoral sheath is an evagination of the _____ Fascia into the thigh ____ to the inguinal ligament.
Transversalis fascia into the thigh posterior to the inguinal ligament.
What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, and the extensor digitorum longus, Fibularis tertius
The anterior compartment of the leg is bounded by ____ ?
tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane, crural fascia, and anterior intermuscular septum
What nerve and artery are found in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Anterior Tibial Artery (Branch of Pop)
Deep fibular nerve (Common fibular nerve)
What is a branch of the ___ that passes around the neck of the fibula to enter the anterior compartment?
Deep Fibular Nerve (Branch of Common Fib)
How can the patency of the anterior tibial artery be assessed in a physical examination?
Patency of the anterior tibial
artery can be evaluated by palpation of this pulse
Where can the Anterior Tibial Artery be palpated?
Dorsum of the foot immediately lateral to the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus tendon.
What are the motor and sensory distributions of the superficial fibular nerve?
Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg— fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles.
Sensory to skin on the lateral and anterior sides of the leg and to the skin of most of the dorsum of the foot.
