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Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

high AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (open neural tube defects)

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2
Q

anticentromere abs

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

anti-desmoglein/desmosome abs

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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4
Q

Anti-glomerular basement memb

A

Goodpasture

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5
Q

Antihistone

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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6
Q

anti-IgG

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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7
Q

antimitochondrial

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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8
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic abs

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss); primary sclerosing cholangitis; granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegeners)

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9
Q

Antinuclear abs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA

A

SLE

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10
Q

Antiplatelet

A

ITP

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11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/gliadin/endomysial

A

Celiac

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13
Q

Apple core lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (left-sided)

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14
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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15
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML esp APL)

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16
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S pyogenes
Resistant: S agalactiae

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17
Q

Bamboo spine on X-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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18
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (from splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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19
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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20
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

Boot-shaped heart on X-ray

A

Tetrology of Fallot

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22
Q

Branching gram + rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces

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23
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horners)

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24
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage)

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25
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi)

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26
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

RPGN Major causes: Goodpasture, pauci-immune (ANCA) vasculitidies
Minor: Lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, PSGN

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27
Q

Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis

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28
Q

Circular group of dark tumor cells around pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (medullobastoma, neuroblastoma)

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29
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis

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30
Q

Low AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities

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31
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column

A

Tabes dorsalis (tert syphilis) and subacute combined degeneration

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32
Q

Delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supraventric tachycardia

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White

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33
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals from chronic bronchitis

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34
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells around eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies of gran cell tumor of ovary

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35
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV)

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36
Q

Electric alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

Pericardial tamponade

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37
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl eye cell of CMV

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38
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing

A

Orphan annie eyes of papillary thyroid cancer

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39
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver dz)

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40
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

A

Lewy body (Parkinson and Lewy dementia)

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41
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever) is hepatocyte undergoing necrosis

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42
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion body in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar lesions

A

Negri body of rabies

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43
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposits in gray matter of brain

A

Amyloid plaque of alzheimers

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44
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei and inclusions

A

Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin

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45
Q

glomerulus-like structure around vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval body (yolk sac)

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46
Q

Hair on end (crew cut) x-ray appearance

A

beta-thalassemia, sickle cell (marrow expansion)

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47
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole, multiple gestations

48
Q

Granulomatous heart nodules

A

Aschoff bodies in rheumatic fever

49
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Mono (EBV)

50
Q

Hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Charcot-Leyden crystals of Bronchial asthma

51
Q

Giemsa stain

A

malaria, Chlamydia

52
Q

Silver stain

53
Q

Congo red stain

54
Q

Prussian blue stain

55
Q

Trichrome stain

A

fibrous tissue

56
Q

High D-dimer

A

PE, DVT, DIC

57
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung

A

Ghon complex

58
Q

Honeycomb lung

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

59
Q

Hypercoagulability (migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocar of pancreas or lung)

60
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate defic)

61
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)

62
Q

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

A

Iron defic, thalassemia, lead poisoning

63
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies

A

Cowdry bodies (HSV or VZV)

64
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

65
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

66
Q

Pearly nodule with raised borders

A

Basal cell carcinoma

67
Q

Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi

68
Q

Lead pipe appearance of colon on ab imaging

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

69
Q

Linear appearance on IgG deposit on glomerular and alveolar basement membs

A

Goodpasture

70
Q

Low serum cerulosplasmin

A

Wilson disease

71
Q

Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

PSGN (deposit of IgG, IgM, and C3)

72
Q

Lytic punched out bone lesions

A

multiple myeloma

73
Q

Mammary gland (blue dome) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of breast

74
Q

Monoclonal Ab spike

A

Multiple myeloma, MGUS (from aging), Waldenstrom (IgM) macroglobulinemia, primary amyloidosis

75
Q

Mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring cell (gastric carc)

76
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

String sign (Crohn)

77
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lung) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis/ Wegener (PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

Goodpasture

78
Q

Needle shaped, neg-birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

79
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson (diabetic nephrop)

80
Q

Novobiocin

A

Sens: S epidermidis
Resistant: S sapro

81
Q

Nutmeg liver

A

Chronic passive liver congestion due to RH failure or Budd-Chiari

82
Q

Onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (small blue cell)

83
Q

Optochin

A

Sens: S pneumo
Resist: Viridans strep

84
Q

Podocyte effacement on EM

A

Minimal change disease

85
Q

Foamy macrophages that are PAS+

A

Whipple disease

86
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphospho of tau

A

Neurofibrillary tangles/Pick bodies

87
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningioma, papillary thyroid, mesothelioma, papillary serous carc of endometrium and ovary

88
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

89
Q

raised periosteum (Codman triangle)

A

aggressive bone lesion eg osteosarcoma, Ewing, osteomyelitis

90
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerulonephritis

91
Q

rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals

92
Q

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich

93
Q

Renal epithelial casts

A

intrinsic renal failure from ischemia or toxic injury

94
Q

rhomboid, pos-birefringent cystals

A

pseudogout (calc pyrophos dihydrate crystal)

95
Q

rib notching on X-ray

A

coarc of the aorta

96
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

toxo, CNS lymphoma

97
Q

silver-staining spherical aggreggation of tau in neurons

A

pick bodies

98
Q

soap bubble in femur or tibia

A

giant cell tumor of bone (usually benign)

99
Q

spikes on BM, dome-like subepith deposits

A

membranous nephropathy

100
Q

stacks of RBC

A

Rouleaux formation in multiple myeloma

101
Q

steeple sign on CXR

A

croup (parainfluenza)

102
Q

bacteria-covered vaginal epith cells

A

clue cells of Gardnerella

103
Q

strep bovis bacteremia

A

colon cancer

104
Q

tennis racket cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules

105
Q

1000s of polyps

A

FAP (AD, APC mut)

106
Q

thrombi of white/red layers

A

lines of zahn (indicates thrombus formed in vivo)

107
Q

thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray

A

epiglottitis (H flu)

108
Q

thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

chronic pyelo

109
Q

tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glom BM

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

110
Q

triglyceride accums in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

111
Q

high uric acid

A

gout, Lesch-Nyhan, tumor lysis, loop and thiazide diuretics

112
Q

waxy casts with low urine flow

113
Q

WBC casts in urine

114
Q

smudge cells (WBCs)

115
Q

wire loop glom capillary appearance

A

lupus nephritis (and other forms of diffuse prolif glomerulonephritis)

116
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia from subarachnoid hemorrhage

117
Q

Mucicarmine stain

A

Cryptococcus

First Aid (5 decks)

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