Labs/ABG

Question 1

AG math

Answer 1

Na - (Cl- + HCO3-)

Question 2

Albumin rule

Answer 2

For every 10 < 40, add 3 to your AG.

Question 3

Normal values for pH, pco2, pao2, HCO3, Albumin, AG

Answer 3

pH= 7.40
PCO2=40
PaO2=100
HCO3-=24
Albumin. = 40
AG=12

Question 4

weak base

Answer 4

acceptors

Question 5

weak acid

Answer 5

donors

Question 6

most common buffers

Answer 6

HCO3-, Albumin, phos

Question 7

Largest source of acid accumulation

Answer 7

1. Eating (carbs=co2=H)
2. basal metabolic rate (stres, anxiety, infection)
3. temp
4. other pathophysiologic diseases

Question 8

causes of high AG

Answer 8

KULT (ketoacidosis/uremia/lactic/toxins) if not found by than proceed to CATMUDPLIES

Question 9

Causes of low AG

Answer 9

lab error, math error, hypoalbuminemia, GI ingestions (tums)

Question 10

Why is there a drop in HCO3 in metabolic acidosis

Answer 10

drop in bicarb is because its eating up/buffering/used in attempt to balance the acid

Question 11

NGMA causes

Answer 11

RTA, Increased Cl-, GI losses

Question 12

Metabolic alkalosis is divided into

Answer 12

volume/nonvolume responsive.

non volume = malignancy

volume/chloride responsive= volume responsive mean fluid response will shut down physiologic response and restore pH. treatment = NaCl-, chloride will attach to Hco3

Question 13

cause of resp acidosis

Answer 13

1. ICH/CNS lesion
2. Rx/toxidrome
3. SCI
4. FBO/tumor

Question 14

Causes of resp alk

Answer 14

anxiety, pn, cheyne-stokes

Question 15

five step process for ABG

Answer 15

1. emia
2. osis
3. AG
4. compensation
5. superimposition

Question 16

ABG ratios

Answer 16

METACID = 1:1
METALK= 1:0.7
RSPALK= 1:0.5
RSPACID=1:0.3

Question 17

Coags

Answer 17

INR, PTT, Fibrinogen, D-dimer

Question 18

Liver enzymes

Answer 18

ALT
AST
GGT
ALKPHS

Question 19

liver function

Answer 19

glucose, bilirubin, albumin, INR,

Question 20

Importance of extended lytes

Answer 20

Calcium = Coagulation/inotrope

Mag= pro-arrhythmia

Phos = bread n butter for ATP

Question 21

WBC differentials

Answer 21

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
lymphocytes
monocytes

Question 22

Platelets last/size

Answer 22

last 8-12 days, 2.4 microns

Question 23

renal labs

Answer 23

BUN, Cr, eGFR,

Question 24

carbonic acid equation

Answer 24

H + HCO3 = H2CO3 = H20 + CO2