labs Flashcards
Normal Na
135-145
Hypo Na manifestation
neurologic, lethargy, headache, confusion
Hypo Na tx
tx: decrease H20, promote h20 loss, replace Na
Hyper Na manifest
mental status, weak, nueromuscular irritability, neuro defects coma seizures
Hyper Na tx
replace water lose. promote Na excretion
water defect equation
Na-140/140 x total body water
how fat/slow should you change Na
correct over 48-72 hours
(0.5mEq/L/hr
normal K
3.5-4.5
hypo K manifest
fatigue, myalgia, muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, hypoventilation, paralysis, tetany
Hypo K tx
oral/IV K
Hyper K manifest
cardiac toxic, muscle weak, paralysis, hypoventialtion
Hyper K tx
increase cell uptake of K with insulin and 50 g IV glucose IV NaHCO3 albuterol increases K excretion- loop diuretics Kay exalte (cation exchange resin) Dialysis/ calcium gluconate.
Normal Chloride
100
Normal CO2
25
anion gap equation and normal
(Na+K)-(Cl +HCO3)
8-20
negative anion
<8 alkalotic
positive anion gap
> 20 acidotic
anion gap mneumonic
MUDPILES
methanol/metformin, uremia, DKA, propylene, infection, lactate, ethanol, salicylate/starvation
Normal BUN
16-20
Normal Creatine
1
GFR via cockcroft-gault equation
140-age x kg / 72 X serum creatine x 0.85 if female
Chronic kidney disease
gfr <60
Kidney falure
gfr <15
Glyburide((Micronase)
Glipizide((Glucotrol)(
Glimepiride(Amaryl)(
Sulfonylureas- bind B cell receptors stimulating insulin release
metformin
biguanides (decrease production of glucose in liver)
Thiazolidinediones
increase peripheral cell response to insulin
rosiglitazone and pioglitazone
acarbose and miglitol
alpha glucosidase inhibitors. reduce carb absorption
NPO patient urine output
insensible water loss
500 ml/day
500 ml/day
peds water replacement
first 10 kg- 80 ml/kg
after that 70 ml/kg
loss of Na/day
50-150mEq
loss of K
20-60 mEq/day
loss of Glucose
100-150 g/day
