labs

Question 1

Normal Na

Answer 1

135-145

Question 2

Hypo Na manifestation

Answer 2

neurologic, lethargy, headache, confusion

Question 3

Hypo Na tx

Answer 3

tx: decrease H20, promote h20 loss, replace Na

Question 4

Hyper Na manifest

Answer 4

mental status, weak, nueromuscular irritability, neuro defects coma seizures

Question 5

Hyper Na tx

Answer 5

replace water lose. promote Na excretion

Question 6

water defect equation

Answer 6

Na-140/140 x total body water

Question 7

how fat/slow should you change Na

Answer 7

correct over 48-72 hours

(0.5mEq/L/hr

Question 8

normal K

Answer 8

3.5-4.5

Question 9

hypo K manifest

Answer 9

fatigue, myalgia, muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, hypoventilation, paralysis, tetany

Question 10

Hypo K tx

Answer 10

oral/IV K

Question 11

Hyper K manifest

Answer 11

cardiac toxic, muscle weak, paralysis, hypoventialtion

Question 12

Hyper K tx

Answer 12

increase cell uptake of K with insulin and 50 g IV glucose
IV NaHCO3
albuterol
increases K excretion- loop diuretics
Kay exalte (cation exchange resin)
Dialysis/ calcium gluconate.

Question 13

Normal Chloride

Answer 13

100

Question 14

Normal CO2

Answer 14

25

Question 15

anion gap equation and normal

Answer 15

(Na+K)-(Cl +HCO3)

8-20

Question 16

negative anion

Answer 16

<8 alkalotic

Question 17

positive anion gap

Answer 17

> 20 acidotic

Question 18

anion gap mneumonic

Answer 18

MUDPILES

methanol/metformin, uremia, DKA, propylene, infection, lactate, ethanol, salicylate/starvation

Question 19

Normal BUN

Answer 19

16-20

Question 20

Normal Creatine

Answer 20

1

Question 21

GFR via cockcroft-gault equation

Answer 21

140-age x kg / 72 X serum creatine x 0.85 if female

Question 22

Chronic kidney disease

Answer 22

gfr <60

Question 23

Kidney falure

Answer 23

gfr <15

Question 24

Glyburide((Micronase)
Glipizide((Glucotrol)(
Glimepiride(Amaryl)(

Answer 24

Sulfonylureas- bind B cell receptors stimulating insulin release

Question 25

metformin

Answer 25

biguanides (decrease production of glucose in liver)

Question 26

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 26

increase peripheral cell response to insulin

rosiglitazone and pioglitazone

Question 27

acarbose and miglitol

Answer 27

alpha glucosidase inhibitors. reduce carb absorption

Question 28

NPO patient urine output

insensible water loss

Answer 28

500 ml/day

500 ml/day

Question 29

peds water replacement

Answer 29

first 10 kg- 80 ml/kg

after that 70 ml/kg

Question 30

loss of Na/day

Answer 30

50-150mEq

Question 31

loss of K

Answer 31

20-60 mEq/day

Question 32

loss of Glucose

Answer 32

100-150 g/day