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343 > Labs 6-9 > Flashcards

Labs 6-9 Flashcards

1
Q

In an H&L glucose test what is the color of the media if the organism doesn’t use the glucose?

A

Green

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2
Q

In an H&L glucose test what is the color of the media if the organism does use the glucose facultatively?

A

Yellow - throughout the entire media

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3
Q

In an H&L glucose test what is the color of the media if the organism does use the glucose aerobically?

A

Yellow - near the top of the media

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4
Q

Organisms need O2 but where does it come from if they can’t use molecular O2?

A

Water and organic compounds

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5
Q

When are the ROS made?

A

When molecular O2 is reduced to make H2O

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6
Q

What makes up the deep shake tubes?

A

Molten tryptose agar

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7
Q

What forms in the molten tryptose agar?

A

An O2 gradient

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8
Q

What happens in a deep shake tube if gas is made in the anaerobic region?

A

The media cracks

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9
Q

What is added to the semisolid agar in a thioglycolate media tube?

A

Thioglycolic acid and glucose

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10
Q

In thioglycolate media what happens to the viscosity as the O2 gradient is made?

A

Decreases

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11
Q

What is resazurin?

A

A pH indicator that is pink (oxidized) and colourless (reduced)

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12
Q

What does the oxidase test measure?

A

The activity of tetramethyl-para-phenylene-diamine (TMPD) which is oxidized and gives electrons to cytochrome C in the ETC

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13
Q

After cytochrome C where do the electrons go?

A

They are taken to O2 by cytochrome C oxidase

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14
Q

When TMPD is oxidized what happens?

A

The stick turns blue/purple (positive)

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15
Q

What does a colourless oxidase test mean?

A

Cytochrome C was not reduced

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16
Q

What is the first enzyme in the ETC?

A

Flavoprotein (FMN)

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17
Q

What does catalase do?

A

Coverts H2O2 to water and O2

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18
Q

What if bubbles are present?

A

Catalase positive

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19
Q

What if bubbles are not present?

A

Catalase negative

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20
Q

Why is mineral oil added to an H&L test?

A

To prevent O2 loss (keep it sealed)

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21
Q

What happens if alkaline products are made instead of acidic?

A

Bromothymol blue goes from green to blue

22
Q

What are the 4 features of fermentation?

A
  1. Occurs in the absence of O2
  2. Energy producing electron are absent
  3. Less efficient
  4. Metabolic intermediates are made
23
Q

What are the 2 phases of fermentation?

A
  1. Oxidation of glucose (glycolysis)
  2. Reduction of pyruvate
24
Q

Which 2 pathways in bacteria are important for the 2 stages respectively?

A

EMP and hezane monophosphate

25
Q

What is the litmus milk test?

A

The goal is to determine if lactose or casein is being metabolized

26
Q

What color is shown with acid production?

A

Litmus turns pink

27
Q

What color is shown with alkaline production?

A

Litmus turns purple

28
Q

What color is shown with reduction?

A

White

29
Q

What color is shown with coagulation?

A

Gas is produced

30
Q

What color is shown with peptonisation?

A

Translucent yellow

31
Q

What is the purpose of the methyl red test?

A

To determine if mixed acid fermentation took place where a red solution (positive) and yellow solution (negative)

32
Q

What is the purpose of the voges proskourer test?

A

2,3-Butanediol fermentation took place when the solution was red and the acetoin is oxidized and reacts with peptone (positive) while it is brown/copper if there is no acetoin (negative)

33
Q

What is assimilative nitrate reduction?

A

When NO3 is reduced for biochemical pathways

34
Q

What is dissimilative nitrate reduction?

A

When NO3 is reduced anaerobically via the ETC

35
Q

What is denitrification?

A

The anaerobic reduction of NO3 to N2

36
Q

What happens when the nitrates are reduced?

A

Gases are produced and trapped which is a positive result

37
Q

What happens when the nitrates are oxidized?

A

Gases are released and trapped which is a negative result

38
Q

What are transposons?

A

These are genetic regions that jump from one site of DNA to another

39
Q

What happens when a Tn is inserted in a gene?

A

Mutagenesis - the gene is disrupted

40
Q

What can Tn provide?

A

Antibiotic resistance

41
Q

What does the suppressor do?

A

Prevents cell lysis and continues the lysogenic cycle

42
Q

What does a supressor mutation do?

A

Allows cell lysis and prevents the lytic cycle

43
Q

What are bacteriophages?

A

These are phages or viruses that infect bacteria

44
Q

What are the forms of UV light?

A

UVA
UVB
UVC

45
Q

What is UVA?

A

These are the harmful rays that are exhibitted in tanning salons that causes increased melanin production by melanocytes

46
Q

What is UVB?

A

The harmful rays that are associated with sunburns

47
Q

What happens due to the harmful UV rays?

A

DNA damage

48
Q

What is sunscreen?

A

A UV radiation blocker where the first one made absorbed UVB

49
Q

What is SPF?

A

Sun protection factor (SPF) based on skin sensitivity

50
Q

How do you determine when redness will occur?

A

(SPF) x ( Time it takes to burn) = RD Time

51
Q

What is a plaque?

A

A colony where the cells died due to infection

52
Q

What is a plaque forming unit?

A

Plaque growth based on the assumption that one original virion cleared the host cells

343 (6 decks)

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