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PT1- Knowledge Checks > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

What is posture?

A

how the body orients itself in the environment

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2
Q

What is postural control?

A

the control of the body’s position in space

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3
Q

What is balance?

A

controlling the center of mass with respect to the base of support

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4
Q

What is limits of stability?

A

max distance shifted without loss of balance or change in BOS

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5
Q

What 3 main factors that manual muscle strength grading is based upon?

A

-evidence of contraction
-gravity as resistance (ability to move through full ROM)
-amount of manual resistance (move through full ROM against gravity)

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6
Q

What is normal RHR? Tachycardia? Bradycardia?

A

60-100bpm

> 100bpm

<60bpm

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7
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate?

A

12-20 breaths/min

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8
Q

Explain the grading for manual muscle strength grading?

A

0- no muscle contraction
1- flicker of movement
2- full ROM w/ gravity
3- full ROM against gravity
4- full ROM moderate resistance
5- full ROM max resistance

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9
Q

How to perform hamstring muscle length/flexibility testing?

A

-one hand above knee
-one hand below posterior knee
(pushing opposite ways)
-perform SLR

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10
Q

What is a gait cycle?

A

-initiated when foot contacts the ground and ends when that same foot contacts the ground again

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11
Q

Stride vs Step

A

Stride- events taking place between successive heel contacts of the same foot
Step- events that take place between successive heel contacts of opposite feet

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12
Q

What is cadence

A

Steps per minute

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13
Q

What is mobility? Locomotion?

A

Mobility- ability to independently move from place to place

Locomotion- rhythmic alternating activity involving multiple degrees of freedom

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14
Q

What is stance phase? Swing phase?

A

Stance- when R foot is on ground supporting body weight (60% of cycle)

Swing- when R foot is in air being advanced forward (40% cycle)

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15
Q

Explain the parts of the stance phase

A

Heel contact- instant heel hits ground
Foot flat- entire plantar surface in contact with ground
Mid stance- body weight passes directly over supporting leg
Heel off- instant heel comes off ground
Toe off- instant toe comes off ground

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16
Q

Explain the parts of the swing phase

A

Early swing- from time of toe off to mid swing
Mid swing- time from before to slightly after midstance
Late swing- time from end of midswing to foot contact with ground

17
Q

What are the requirements for successful gait?

A

-forward progression
-balance
-adaptability

18
Q

What are the key principles to mobility treatment and assessment?

A

-patient participation
-facilitate efficient movements
-body mechanics
-communication
-preparation
-monitor and maintain safety

19
Q

Differentiate between the different type of assisted transfers?

A

Standby assist- supervise
Minimum- patient performs >75% of activity
Moderate- patient performs 50%
Maximal- patient performs 25%

20
Q

Define NWB? Touch WB?
PWB? WBAT? Full WB?

A

NWB
-limb doesn’t touch ground

Touch WB
-contact with ground is light

PWB
-patient performs normal heel toe gait applying partial weight

WBAT
-performs heel toe gait as tolerated

Full WB?
-no restrictions

21
Q

What height should a cane/walker be? Crutches?

A

Cane/walker- wrist crease

Crutches- wrist crease, 2 fingers below axilla

22
Q

What are the clearing tests for determining WB status?

A

-3 reps of sit to stand
-3 steps of marching in place
-advance step and return

23
Q

Explain the 4 point gait

A

-weakness in both legs

-left crutch, right foot, right crutch, left foot

-provides excellent stability
-slow walking speed

24
Q

Explain the 3 point gait

A

-inability to bear FULL weight on one leg

-move both crutches and affected leg, then step stronger limb forward

-good since it eliminates a large amount of WB from one leg
-but requires good balance

25
Q

Explain the 2 point gait

A

-weakness in both legs

-move R crutch and L foot, then L crutch and R foot

-good speed and simulates normal gait
-difficult to learn

26
Q

Explain the swing to gait

A

-b/l weakness

-both crutches move forward, affected leg fully off ground, good leg steps forward inline with crutches

-easy to learn
-need good upper body strength

27
Q

Explain the swing through gait

A

-inability to weight bear

-both crutches move forward, bad leg fully off ground, good leg steps through crutches

-fast
-requires lots of floor space and ability to balance

28
Q

How do you go upstairs with crutches? Down? One crutch?

A

Up- good leg steps up, followed by crutches and bad leg
Down- crutches and bad leg go down, good leg follows

One crutch Up- railing on side of bad leg, good leg steps, crutch and bad leg follows
One crutch down- crutch and bad leg down, good leg follows

29
Q

What hand does the cane go in?

A

Opposite of injured leg

PT1- Knowledge Checks (7 decks)

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