Labs Flashcards
What is posture?
how the body orients itself in the environment
What is postural control?
the control of the body’s position in space
What is balance?
controlling the center of mass with respect to the base of support
What is limits of stability?
max distance shifted without loss of balance or change in BOS
What 3 main factors that manual muscle strength grading is based upon?
-evidence of contraction
-gravity as resistance (ability to move through full ROM)
-amount of manual resistance (move through full ROM against gravity)
What is normal RHR? Tachycardia? Bradycardia?
60-100bpm
> 100bpm
<60bpm
What is a normal respiratory rate?
12-20 breaths/min
Explain the grading for manual muscle strength grading?
0- no muscle contraction
1- flicker of movement
2- full ROM w/ gravity
3- full ROM against gravity
4- full ROM moderate resistance
5- full ROM max resistance
How to perform hamstring muscle length/flexibility testing?
-one hand above knee
-one hand below posterior knee
(pushing opposite ways)
-perform SLR
What is a gait cycle?
-initiated when foot contacts the ground and ends when that same foot contacts the ground again
Stride vs Step
Stride- events taking place between successive heel contacts of the same foot
Step- events that take place between successive heel contacts of opposite feet
What is cadence
Steps per minute
What is mobility? Locomotion?
Mobility- ability to independently move from place to place
Locomotion- rhythmic alternating activity involving multiple degrees of freedom
What is stance phase? Swing phase?
Stance- when R foot is on ground supporting body weight (60% of cycle)
Swing- when R foot is in air being advanced forward (40% cycle)
Explain the parts of the stance phase
Heel contact- instant heel hits ground
Foot flat- entire plantar surface in contact with ground
Mid stance- body weight passes directly over supporting leg
Heel off- instant heel comes off ground
Toe off- instant toe comes off ground
Explain the parts of the swing phase
Early swing- from time of toe off to mid swing
Mid swing- time from before to slightly after midstance
Late swing- time from end of midswing to foot contact with ground
What are the requirements for successful gait?
-forward progression
-balance
-adaptability
What are the key principles to mobility treatment and assessment?
-patient participation
-facilitate efficient movements
-body mechanics
-communication
-preparation
-monitor and maintain safety
Differentiate between the different type of assisted transfers?
Standby assist- supervise
Minimum- patient performs >75% of activity
Moderate- patient performs 50%
Maximal- patient performs 25%
Define NWB? Touch WB?
PWB? WBAT? Full WB?
NWB
-limb doesn’t touch ground
Touch WB
-contact with ground is light
PWB
-patient performs normal heel toe gait applying partial weight
WBAT
-performs heel toe gait as tolerated
Full WB?
-no restrictions
What height should a cane/walker be? Crutches?
Cane/walker- wrist crease
Crutches- wrist crease, 2 fingers below axilla
What are the clearing tests for determining WB status?
-3 reps of sit to stand
-3 steps of marching in place
-advance step and return
Explain the 4 point gait
-weakness in both legs
-left crutch, right foot, right crutch, left foot
-provides excellent stability
-slow walking speed
Explain the 3 point gait
-inability to bear FULL weight on one leg
-move both crutches and affected leg, then step stronger limb forward
-good since it eliminates a large amount of WB from one leg
-but requires good balance
