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MedSurg > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Xray

A

Electromagnetic radiation is used to visualize bones, tissues and blood vessels

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1
Q

Ultrasound

A

Sonogram nurses use sound waves to create images of internal parts of the body

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2
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging; can see through bone and provide images in multiple planes; uses radio waves; more detailed than CT scan
Pt must remain still; no pts with implantable metal devices such as pacemakers

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3
Q

CT Scan

A

Computed Tomography; fast series of xray pictures; much faster than MRI

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4
Q

Cultures and Sensitivities

A

Culture is used to figure out which microbe
Sensitivity tests what medicine is effective against it

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5
Q

Biopsy

A

Procedure to remove a piece of tissue to be tested

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6
Q

RBC

A

4.5-5.5 million

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7
Q

Hgb

A

12-16 g/dL (women)
14-18 g/dL (men)

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8
Q

Hct

A

37-47% (women)
42-52% (men)

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9
Q

Platelets

A

150,000-400,000

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10
Q

WBC

A

5,000-10,000

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11
Q

Sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L

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12
Q

Calcium

A

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

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13
Q

Vitamin D

A

20-40 ng/mL

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14
Q

Potassium

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

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15
Q

Albumin

A

3.5-6g/dL

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16
Q

PreAlbumin

A

15-35 mg/dL

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17
Q

Bilirubin

A

0.1-1.0 mg/dL

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18
Q

BUN

A

10-20 mg/dL

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19
Q

Creatinine

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

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20
Q

Cortisol

A

10-20 mcg/dL

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21
Q

Intraocular Pressure (IOP)

A

10-21 mmHg

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22
Q

BNP

A

B-type natriuretic peptide
Less than 100

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23
Q

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1A)

A

80-220 mg/dL

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24
Q

Chloride

A

95-105 mEq/L

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25
Q

Phosphorus

A

2.5-4.5 mg/dL

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26
Q

Magnesium

A

1.5-2.0 mEq/L

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27
Q

Glucose

A

Fasting - 70-110 mg/dL
2h postprandial (after eating) - over 120 mg/dL
Pre-diabetic: 100-125
Diabetic: 125+

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28
Q

pO2

A

80-100%

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29
Q

pH

A

7.35-7.45

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30
Q

paCO2

A

35-45 mmHg

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31
Q

HCO3

A

22-26 mEq/L

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32
Q

INR

A

Not on warfarin - less than 1
On warfarin - 2-3

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33
Q

aPTT

A

activated partial thromboplastin time
Not on heparin - 30-40 seconds
On heparin - 1.5-2.5x normal (30-70 secs)

34
Q

AST

35
Q

ALT

36
Q

PT

A

Prothrombin Time
10-14 seconds

37
Q

Iron

A

60-170 mcg/dL

38
Q

Total cholesterol

A

Under 200 mg/dL

39
Q

Triglycerides

A

Less than 150 mg/dL

40
Q

HDL

A

At least 40 (men), 30 (women)
60 is better

41
Q

LDL

A

Below 130
Below 70 for cardiac patients

42
Q

Troponin

A

0.0-0.4 ng/mL

43
Q

CK-MB

A

3 to 5% (percentage of total CK) or 5 to 25 IU/L

44
Q

MCV

45
Q

Ejection fraction

A

50% to 70%

46
Q

D-dimer

A

Less than 250 ng/mL

47
Q

Anion gap

A

8-12 mEq/L
Measures the difference—or gap—between the negatively charged and positively charged electrolytes in your blood

48
Q

HgA1C

A

Normal: Under 6%
Prediabetes: 6-7%
Diabetes: 7%+

49
Q

Glucose tolerance test

A

Normal: 140 or lower
Prediabetes: 140-199
Diabetes: 200+

50
Q

C-reactive protein

A

Normal: Less than 0.3
Normal/minor elevator: 0.3-1.0
Protein made by liver that indicates inflammation

51
Q

Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)

A

Positive or negative for antibodies
Used for autoimmune disorders

52
Q

Uric acid

A

Under 7 males/postmenopausal women
Under 6 premenopausal women

53
Q

Rheumatoid factor (RF)

54
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or Sed rate)

A

Men under 50: 15 mm/hr
Women under 50: 20 mm/hr
Men over 50: 20 mm/hr
Women over 50: 30 mm/hr

55
Q

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

A

40-130 U/L

56
Q

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

A

140-280 U/L

57
Q

Serum Amylase

A

30-110 U/L

58
Q

Lipase

A

23-300 U/L

59
Q

Ammonia

A

19-60 mcg/dL

60
Q

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

61
Q

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

62
Q

Bone density

A

Normal: -1 to +1
Osteopenia: -1 to -2.5
Osteoporosis: lower than -2.5

63
Q

Bone scan

A

A bone scan is a test that uses nuclear imaging to helps diagnose and track several types of bone disease using small amounts of radioactive substances, a special camera that can detect the radioactivity and a computer to see structures such as bones inside the body.

64
Q

Electromyography (EMG)

A

Measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle. The test is used to help detect neuromuscular abnormalities

65
Q

AP&Lat

A

Anterior-Posterior and lateral x-ray images

66
Q

Arthroscopy

A

A procedure for diagnosing and treating joint problems. A surgeon inserts a narrow tube attached to a fiber-optic video camera through a small incision — about the size of a buttonhole

67
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

A procedure where a doctor uses a needle to take fluid out of a joint

68
Q

Gallium and Thallium scan

A

A type of nuclear scan that can find cancer, infection or inflammation in the body. A radioactive substance into the bloodstream. The gallium settles in areas of the body where there is inflammation or infection. A special camera locates the gallium and takes pictures.

69
Q

Bone/muscle biopsy

A

A procedure and test that can help diagnose muscle-related conditions (myopathies).
A healthcare provider takes a small sample of your skeletal muscle and sends it to a lab for analysis under a microscope

70
Q

Upper GI (Barium swallow)

A

AKA esophagogram
An imaging test that checks for problems in your upper GI tract.
The test uses a special type of x-ray called fluoroscopy

71
Q

Lower GI (Barium enema)

A

A radiographic (X-ray) examination of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The large intestine, including the rectum, is made visible on X-ray film by filling the colon with a liquid suspension called barium sulfate (barium)

72
Q

Manometry and Electrophysiology

A

Manometry and electrophysiologic studies are methods for evaluating patients with GI motility disorders. The manometry test measures changes in intraluminal pressures and the coordination of muscle activity in the GI tract. The pressures can be recorded manually, on a physiograph, or on a computer.

73
Q

Gastric analysis

A

A direct technique to assess the acid secretory potential of the stomach

74
Q

Laparoscopy

A

A surgical procedure used to examine the organs in the abdomen
Uses a thin lighted tube with a camera

75
Q

Endoscopy

A

A nonsurgical procedure that can be used to examine your digestive tract. Using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, your doctor can view pictures of your digestive tract on a color TV monitor

76
Q

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

A simple procedure to examine your upper GI tract. The test involves an endoscope, a lighted camera on the end of a tube, which is passed down your throat to visualize your esophagus, stomach and duodenum

77
Q

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

A

A procedure that combines upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and x-rays to find and treat problems of the bile and pancreatic ducts.

78
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Colonoscope used to see inside colon/large intestine

79
Q

Enteroscopy

A

Scope used to examine small intestine

80
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

Scope used to examine sigmoid colon

81
Q

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)

A

Multiple samples of prostate tissue are collected by inserting hollow needles into the prostate and then withdrawing them

82
Q

Dihydrotestosterone

A

14-77 ng/dL
Androgen - male growth hormone

MedSurg (5 decks)

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