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Botany - Year 1, Sem 1 > Labs 1 - 5 > Flashcards

Labs 1 - 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Title of Laboratory 1

A

Appreciating Plants in the Environment

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2
Q

Which has watery environments as a habitat?

Algae vs. Bryophytes

A

algae

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3
Q

Which has unicellular cells?

Algae vs. Bryophytes

A

Bryophytes

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4
Q

Do algae have stomates?

A

no, they get their nutrients from the surface.

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5
Q

Both algae and bryophytes have chloroplasts.

True or False

A

True

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6
Q

Where are the stomates of bryophytes located?

A

On the sporangia

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7
Q

haploid gametophytes to haploid spores.

Alternation of generation of algae or bryophytes?

A

Algae

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8
Q

What is the alternation of generation of bryophytes?

A

Independent gametophyte (gametes) or dependent (spores)

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9
Q

Mode of reproduction of algae?

A

Sexual or asexual.

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of bryophytes?

A

Hornworts, liverworts, and mosses

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11
Q

What is the spore maturation of all 3 bryophyte types?

A

sporangia developing on sporophytes

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12
Q

What is the distinguishing habitat of mosses?

A

Rocks and tree bark.

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13
Q

Structure of liverworts.

A

thallus, rhizoids, and reproductive structures.

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14
Q

The 3 components of the structure of mosses.

A

gametophyte, rhizoids, and sporophytes

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15
Q

A stalk connecting the sporangium to the sporophyte.

A

Seta

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16
Q

What is the capsule form of hornworts?

A

Slender, upright capsules.

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17
Q

Do hornworts have stomata? (If yes, where)

A

yes, on the surface of the sporophyte.

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18
Q

Do liverworts have stomata? (If yes, where)

A

No, they don’t have leaves.

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19
Q

What is the role of stomata in mosses?

A

promotes water loss, regulates moisture levels, and aids in growth & development

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20
Q

Hornworts have seta.

True or false.

A

False.

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21
Q

leaves of seed & fern plants; has branched/parallel vascular bundles

Megaphyll vs. Megasporophyll

A

Megaphyll

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22
Q

Part of the leaf that supports the developing ovule.

Megaphyll vs. Megasporophyll

A

Megasporophyll

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23
Q

female reproductive system, has ovules

——- Cone

A

Ovulate cone

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24
Q

male reproductive system, produces pollen

——- Cone

A

Staminate cones

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25
Q

Primitive plant, single-celled, forms multicellular but not highly organized structures.

A

Thallophytes

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26
Q

More advanced plant, has vascular tissues to transport water, sugar, and nutrients.

A

Tracheophytes

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27
Q

Plant-like living organisms the reproduce through spores.

A

Cryptogram

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28
Q

seed/flowering plants

A

Phanerogram/Angiosperms

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29
Q

Why are pteridophytes common in damp, moist areas?

A

Their fertilization relies on water.

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30
Q

Why are gymnosperms generally woody?

A

They produce lignin.

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31
Q

What is lignin?

A

A polymer provides support and rigidity to vascular tissues.

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32
Q

3 types of pteridophytes

A

Ferns, horsetails, clubmoss

33
Q

State what kind of leaves each pteridophyte type has.

A

Ferns: big, feather-like leaves
Horsetail: small, scale-like leaves
Clubmoss: needle-like leaves

34
Q

Title of Second Laboratory

A

Compound Microscope.

35
Q

Formula for total magnification

A

Objective lens magnification x ocular lens magnification

36
Q

the 3 objective lenses’ magnifications

A

10x, 40x, 400x

37
Q

Title of the third laboratory.

A

Plant Cell

38
Q

study of the structure and function of cells

A

Cytology

39
Q

basic structural and functional unit of living things

A

Cell

40
Q

Are plant cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

41
Q

What has a cell wall, plant cell or animal cell?

A

Plant cell

42
Q

A gel-like substance where all cell structures are.

A

Cytoplasm

43
Q

**

What cell structure is not in the cytoplasm?

A

Nucleus

44
Q

Give the 3 types of plastids.

A

Chloroplast, Chromoplast, Leucoplast.

45
Q

What are the colors of the plastids?

A

Chloro - green, chromo - red, leuco - colorless

46
Q

If cytoplasm is to cell, then tonoplast is to _______.

A

Vacuole

47
Q

What are the 3 cell types?

A

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma

48
Q

What cell type are dead cells at maturity?

A

Sclerenchyma

49
Q

What cell type has unevenly thickened wall cells?

A

Collenchyma

50
Q

Cell type that stores nutrients, can photosynthesize, and provide structual support.

A

Parenchyma

51
Q

Title of fourth laboratory.

A

Cellular Transport.

52
Q

The movement of substances across the cell membrane/wall.

A

Cellular transport.

53
Q

High to low concentration molecule movement.

A

Diffusion

54
Q

High to low concentration water movement through a semi-permeable membrane.

A

Osmosis

55
Q

3 types of solutions.

A

Isotonic, Hypertonic, and Hypotonic

56
Q

What solution has equilibrium between solute & solvent?

A

Isotonic solution.

57
Q

Two types of cellular transport.

A

Active and passive

58
Q

Difference between hypertonic and hypotonic.

A

Hypertonic means more solute than solvent, while hypotonic means more solvent than solute.

59
Q

A process where the cell engulfs particles into a cell membrane and takes in its nutrients.

A

Endocytosis

60
Q

Why can plant cells demonstrate plasmolysis better than animal cells?

A

Because plant cells have a cell wall.

61
Q

What is the minimum pressure to prevent inward flow into the semi-permeable membrane?

A

Osmotic pressure

62
Q

Why is a 4% glucose solution isotonic but a 5% NaCl solution hypertonic?

A

4% solution matches osmolarity of cellular fluids, but 5% solution has higher osmolarity, causing plasmolysis.

63
Q

Title of fifth laboratory.

A

Plant mitosis

64
Q

An event where a parent cell divides into 2 daughter cells; cells go through this event for growth.

A

Cell division.

65
Q

Sexual cell division, where gametogenesis (spermatogenesis/oogenesis) occurs.

A

Meiosis

66
Q

Asexual division, where the purpose is the growth, development, and repair of damaged tissues.

A

Mitosis

66
Q

direct cell division, cytoplasm & nucleus constriction

A

Amitosis

66
Q

What are the 5 stages of mitosis?

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

67
Q

Mitosis phase where the nucleus and the nuclear membrane disappears.

A

Prophase

68
Q

Mitosis phase where the sister chromatids separate.

A

Anaphase

69
Q

Mitosis phase where the chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.

A

Metaphase

70
Q

Mitosis phase where the cleavage furrow develops, cytokinesis occurs, and the chromosome turns invisible.

A

Telophase

70
Q

Mitosis phase where there is no visble change, where the cell grows and copies DNA.

A

Interphase

70
Q

Karyokinesis vs. Cytokinesis

A

Karyokinesis - partition of the cell’s nucleus
Cytokinesis - cytoplasmic division

71
Q

What do you call 2 or more cells fusing together to form a larger cell?

A

Multi-nucleated cell

72
Q

Asexual reproduction where 1 single cell turns into 2 same daughter cells.

Usually in prokaryotes.

A

Binary fission

72
Q

How does the chromosomal number of the cell stay constant through mitosis?

A

each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes, achieved through precise sister chromatid separation.

72
Q

Asexual reproduction where 1 single cell turns into multiple daughter cells.

A

Multiple fission

73
Q

Temporary union of 2 bacterial/unicellular organisms for genetic material exchange.

A

Conjugation

Botany - Year 1, Sem 1 (5 decks)

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