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BIO 111 > Labs 1-4 > Flashcards

Labs 1-4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Compound Light Microscope

A

An instrument that uses light and multiple lenses to magnify objects/view specimens

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2
Q

Magnification

A

The apparent increase in the size of an object

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3
Q

Light Switch/Light Intensity Knob (Dimmer)

A

Turn the lamp on/off and control brightness; the higher the magnification, the more light is needed

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4
Q

Ocular Lens

A

Magnify by 10X; pointer in the right lens; must be adjusted for your inter-eye distance

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5
Q

Objective Lenses

A

4 lenses with increasing powers of magnification:

  • Scanning Lens 4X
  • Low Power Lens 10X
  • High Power Lens 40X
  • Oil Immersion Lens 100X
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6
Q

Working Distance

A

The distance between an objective lens and the slide being viewed

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7
Q

Total Magnification

A

Ocular power multiplied by objective power

- TM (using scanning lens) = 10 (ocular) X 4 (scan) = 40X magnification

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8
Q

Condenser and Iris Diaphragm Lever

A

Controls the amount of contrast that the microscopic specimen has; moved right - field of view gets darker/more contrast; moved left - field of view gets brighter and clear cells become more difficult to see, but colors (stains) are brighter

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9
Q

Contrast

A

The difference in intensity between two objects or between an object and its background

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10
Q

Mechanical Stage

A

Horizontal platform that supports the microscope slide

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11
Q

Mechanical Stage Knobs

A

Move slide into correct position

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12
Q

Stage Clips

A

Fasten slide to the stage

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13
Q

Field of View

A

The area visible through the eyepiece

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14
Q

Coarse Focus Adjustment

A

Moves the stage up and down quickly; changes working distance and brings slide into focus; should only be used when using scanning power objective lens

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15
Q

Fine Focus Adjustment

A

Moves the stage up and down slowly; changes working distance and brings slide into focus; should be used to focus the specimen on low, high, and oil immersion

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16
Q

Nosepiece

A

Holds objective lenses and rotates them into position over the slide

17
Q

Parfocal

A

An image will remain in focus when changing from a lower-power objective lens to a higher-power objective lens, with little focusing necessary with the fine focus adjustment

18
Q

Immersion Oil

A

Decreases light refractivity entering the specimen; at high magnifications, light refractivity leads to poor resolution and blurry images; only a single drop is necessary on the area being examined

19
Q

Resolution

A

The fineness of detail that can be examined using a scope

20
Q

Micrometer (um)

A

The unit used to measure field of view or the size of cells; 1/1000 of a millimeter

21
Q

Field of View Measurements

A
  • Scan: 4.5 mm
  • Low: 1.8 mm
  • High .45 mm
  • Oil Immersion: .18 mm
22
Q

Average Diameter of Cells

A

Field of view divided by the number of cells across the field of view; to convert to um, multiply by 1000 or move the decimal point three places to the right

23
Q

Protozoans

A

Protists, single-celled, motile

24
Q

Flagellated Algae

A

Protists, single cells, green, motile

25
Q

Filamentous Algae

A

Protists, cells form chains, green, motile

26
Q

Nonfilamentous and Nonflagellated Algae

A

Protists, single cells, green, non-motile

27
Q

Invertebrates

A

Animals, large, multicellular, motile

28
Q

Aseptic Techniques

A

Procedures used to reduce the number (or kill) of microbes on a surface to prevent contamination; ex.: disinfection, flaming

29
Q

Negative Stain (Smear Stain)

A

Useful procedure for studying the morphology of bacterial cells and characterizing some of the external structures that are associated with them; cells appear as transparent objects against a dark background

30
Q

Negative Staining Procedure

A

Consists of mixing the organism with a small amount of stain (india ink or nigrosin) and spreading a very thin film over the surface of the microscope slide

31
Q

Spirochaetes

A

Very thin cells that do not stain well with positive stains

32
Q

Reasons for Conducting a Negative Stain

A
  • Quick
  • Determine morphology (shape and size)
  • To view external features
  • No heat fixation: no cell shrinkage or distortion and determination of size is more accurate
  • Possible to view spirochaetes

BIO 111 (15 decks)

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