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Year 1 From Cells To Systems > Labour in the cell > Flashcards

Labour in the cell Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Selective permeability

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2
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

Hold shape of the cell
Transport molecules through the cell

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3
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Store and synthesise DNA
Control cell functions

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4
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Make hormones
Store enzymes
Inactivate toxic substances

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5
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Make and distribute proteins (via ribosomes)
Edit polypeptides via enzymes
Send polypeptides to Golgi body for further editing

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6
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

mRNA translation (make polypeptide chains)
Transport proteins

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7
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Make ATP
Replicate mDNA

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8
Q

What is the function of the Golgi body?

A

Modify, sort and concentrate proteins

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9
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Hydrolyse and endocytose cellular debris

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10
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes?

A

Create hydrogen peroxide by consuming oxygen (broken down by catalase)

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11
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Hold shape of the cell
Aid transport of molecules through the cell

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12
Q

What is the function of microfilaments (element of the cytoskeleton)?

A

Hold cell shape
Resist tension

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13
Q

What is the function of microtubules (element of the cytoskeleton)?

A

Resist compression
Transport molecules
Compartmentalise cell
Form cilia

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14
Q

What is the function of intermediate filaments (element of the cytoskeleton)?

A

Connect skeleton together
Hold shape

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15
Q

What are the microfilaments made of?

A

Actin

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16
Q

What are the microtubules made of?

A

Tubulin

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17
Q

What are the intermediate filaments made of?

A

Keratin
Vimentin

18
Q

How is fluidity in the plasma membrane formed?

A

Due to holes within the plasma membrane which are present where unsaturated elements of phospholipid tails are

19
Q

Give an example of an outer leaflet phospholipid

A

Phosphatidylcholine

20
Q

Give an example of an inner leaflet phospholipid

A

Phosphatidylserine

21
Q

Name the types of phospholipid movement

A

Lateral mobility
Flip flop

22
Q

What enzymes catalyses flip flop movement?

A

flipase

23
Q

What does cholesterol help with in the plasma membrane?

A

Stiffening so not too fluid

24
Q

What is the function of glycocalyx?

A

Barrier to cell
Protection from stress
Mediates cell to cell interactions

25
Q

What are the types of proteins present in the plasma membrane?

A

Integral (AKA transmembrane)
Peripheral
Lipid anchor

26
Q

What types of molecule can pass through the plasma membrane easily?

A

Hydrophobic, small and uncharged

27
Q

What types of molecule can’t pass through the plasma membrane easily?

A

Hydrophilic, large, charged
Ions

28
Q

What are the types of transport across the plasma membrane?

A

Passive (simple and facilitated)
Active

29
Q

What are the types of vesicular transport?

A

Endocytosis - into the cell
Exocytosis - out of the cell

30
Q

What are the types of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis - whole molecules
Pinocytosis - vesicles
Receptor-mediated endocytosis - whole molecules when a signal is received

31
Q

What are the types of exocytosis?

A

Constitutive
Regulated - when a signal is received

32
Q

What does glycolysis use and produce?

A

Uses: 2 ATP, 1 glucose
Produces: 4 ATP (net 2), 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH

33
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cytoplasm

34
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Anaerobic

35
Q

What does the citric acid cycle use and produce?

A

Uses: 2 pyruvate (converted to Acetyl CoA)
Produces: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2

36
Q

What does the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA produce?

A

2 NADH, 2 CO2

37
Q

Where do the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation take place?

A

Mitochondrial inner membrane

38
Q

Are the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

39
Q

What does oxidative phosphorylation use and produce?

A

Uses: 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6O2
Produces: 32 ATP, 6 H20

40
Q

What do the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis do within oxidative phosphorylation ?

A

Electron transport chain: reoxidisation of NADH and FADH2 causes movement of H+ ions over membrane
Chemiosmosis: creates ATP by moving NADH and FADH2 H+ ions back across the membrane via ATP synthase

Year 1 From Cells To Systems (11 decks)

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