Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

obstetrics and gynaecology > labour > Flashcards

labour Flashcards

1
Q

a) what is a category 1 emergency C-section?

b) how soon should it happen?

A

a) there is immediate threat to the life of the woman or foetus
b) <30 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a category 2 emergency C-section?

A

maternal/foetal compromise, but not immediately life-threatening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a category 3 emergency C-section?

A

no maternal / foetal compromise but needs early delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a category 4 C-section?

A

elective - delivery timed to suite woman / staff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

commonest cause for an emergency C-section?

A

failure to progress in labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

indications for C-section?

A
  • breech presentation
  • unstable / transverse / oblique lie
  • twins where first one is not cephalic
  • maternal conditions (e.g. cardiomyopathy)
  • HSV in third trimester
  • placenta praevia
  • maternal diabetes
  • prev major shoulder dystocia
  • prev 3rd/4th perineal tear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when are elective C-sections usually planned for?

A
  • > 39 weeks

- reduces risk of RDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

purpose of corticosteroids in C-section?

A

if a C-section is happening <39 weeks, maternal corticosteroids stimulate surfactant secretion in foetal lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 types of breech presentation?

A
  • complete breech (bum first, legs tucked in)
  • frank breech (bum first, legs pointed up to head)
  • footling breech (one leg first)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is done pre-operatively in C-section?

A
  • FBC
  • Group and Save (in case they need blood)
  • H2-receptor antagonist
  • VTE risk score calculated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why are ranitidine and metoclopramide given pre-operatively in C-section

A
  • to stop them vomiting on their back

- risk of aspirating the vomit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

type of anaesthesia in C-section?

A
  • regional

- sometimes epidural is added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

indications for general anaesthetic in C-section?

A
  • contraindication to regional anaesthetic
  • failure of regional anaesthetic
  • need to expedite delivery asap (common in section 1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

positioning in C-section? why?

A
  • left lateral tilt of 15 degrees

- reduces risk of supine hypotension due to aortocaval compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why is a Foley’s catheter inserted in C-section?

A

to drain the bladder and stop bladder injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

layers to get through in C-section?

A
  • skin
  • Camper’s fascia
  • Scarpa’s fascia
  • rectus sheath
  • rectus muscle
  • abdominal peritoneum
  • visceral peritoneum
  • gravid uterus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the purpose of oxytocin 5 IU/ml in C-section?

A

aids the delivery of the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

risks of vaginal birth after a C-section?

A
  • risk of scar rupture
  • 75% success rate, compared to 90% in prev vaginal delivery
  • increased risk of placenta praevia/accreta + pelvic adhesions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

immediate maternal complications of C-section?

A
  • PPH (>1000ml)
  • wound haematoma
  • intra-abdo haemorrhage
  • bladder / bowel trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

immediate foetal complications of C-section?

A
  • RDS

- foetal lacerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

infections that could come from C-section?

A
  • UTI
  • endometritis
  • resp (esp if gen anaesthetic used)
22
Q

late complications of C-section?

A
  • placenta praevia
  • subfertility
  • psychological issues (e.g. regret)
  • caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy
23
Q

indications for labour to be induced?

A
  • prolonged gestation (>40 weeks)
  • premature rupture of membranes >37 weeks
  • maternal health problems
  • foetal growth restriction
  • intrauterine foetal death
24
Q

absolute contraindications for induction of labour?

A
  • cephalopelvic disproportion
  • major placenta praevia
  • vasa praevia
  • cord prolapse
  • transverse lie
  • active genital herpes
  • prev classical C-section
25
Q

relative contraindications for induction of labour?

A
  • breech presentation
  • triplet / high order pregnancy
  • > 1 prev low transverse C-sections
26
Q

methods to induce labour?

A
  • vaginal prostaglandins
  • amniotomy (bishop score 7 or more)
  • membrane sweep
27
Q

what does bishop score tell you?

A
  • it checks “cervical ripeness”
  • 7 or higher = induction of labour possible
  • less than 4 = labour unlikely to progress naturally, use a prostaglandin
28
Q

what needs to be checked before induction of labour?

A
  • foetal heart rate

- using cardiotocography

29
Q

complications of induction of labour?

A
  • failure of induction
  • uterine hyperstimulation
  • cord prolapse
  • infection
  • pain
  • increased need for further intervention
  • uterine rupture (rare)
30
Q

which features of the cervix are considered in bishop scoring?

A
  • dilation
  • length
  • foetal station
  • consistency
  • position
31
Q

why is induction of labour offered to women with prolonged gestation?

A

reduces the risk of stillbirth

32
Q

what is foetal station measured in relation to?

A

ischial spine

33
Q

2 main instruments used in operative vaginal delivery?

A
  • ventouse

- forceps

34
Q

how long should you try to deliver with an instrument for?

A

if after 3 contractions and pulls with any instrument, there is NO progress, give up

35
Q

types of ventouse?

A
  • silastic cup
  • “kiwi” cup (disposable)
  • bird cup
36
Q

condition for use of a silastic cup in delivery?

A

occipital-anterior position

37
Q

pros of ventouse delivery?

A
  • less maternal perineal injuries

- less pain

38
Q

cons of ventouse delivery?

A
  • lower success rate
  • more cephalhaematoma
  • more subgaleal haematoma
  • more retinal haemorrhage
39
Q

when are Rhodes forceps used?

A

occipital-anterior position

40
Q

when are Wrigley’s forceps used?

A

at C-section

41
Q

when are Kielland’s forceps used?

A

rotational deliveries

42
Q

pros of forceps?

A
  • fewer foetal injuries

- doesn’t require maternal effort

43
Q

cons of forceps?

A

higher rate of 3rd/4th degree tears

44
Q

maternal indications for instruments in vaginal delivery?

A
  • nulliparous woman who has no delivered after 2 hours of active pushing
  • multiparous no delivery within 1 hour of active pushing
  • maternal exhaustion
  • no urge to push (due to anaesthesia)
45
Q

foetal indications for instruments in vaginal delivery?

A

suspected foetal compromise on CTG / blood sample

46
Q

absolute contraindications for instrumental delivery?

A
  • unengaged foetal head
  • incompletely dilated cervix
  • true cephalo-pelvic disproportion (head too big to pass)
  • breech + face presentations
  • preterm gestation <34 weeks for ventouse
47
Q

relative contraindications for instrumental delivery?

A
  • acute foetal distress
  • non-engaged 2nd twin
  • prolapsed cord
48
Q

pre-requisites for instrumental delivery?

A
  • fully dilated
  • ruptured membranes
  • cephalic presentation
  • defined foetal position
  • empty bladder
  • adequate pain relief
  • adequate maternal pelvis
49
Q

where does foetal head need to be for instrumental delivery?

A
  • level of ischial spines

- no more than 1/5 palpable per abdomen

50
Q

foetal complications from instrumental delivery?

A
  • neonatal jaundice
  • scalp lacerations
  • cephalhaematoma
  • sobgaleal haematoma
  • facial bruising
  • facial nerve damage
  • skull fractures
  • retinal haemorrhage
51
Q

maternal complications from instrumental delivery?

A
  • 3rd/4th degree vaginal tear (esp forceps)
  • VTE
  • incontinence
  • PPH
  • shoulder dystocia
  • infection

obstetrics and gynaecology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions