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AUBF 1 Final > LABORATORY TESTS > Flashcards

LABORATORY TESTS Flashcards

1
Q

It is a test for Steatorrhea

A

Test for Fecal Fat

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2
Q

the presence of increase fats in
stool

A

Steatorrhea

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3
Q

Fecal characteristic of Steatorrhea

A

Greasy; foul odor; spongy consistency

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4
Q

Fecal volume of Steatorrhea

A

Increased

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5
Q

Causes of Steatorrhea

A

Pancreatic insufficiency
Malabsorption, Maldigestion
Absence of bile

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6
Q

inadequate intestinal absorption of processed foodstuffs despite normal digestive ability

A

MALABSORPTION

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7
Q

an inability to convert foodstuffs
in the gastrointestinal tract into readily absorbable substances

A

MALDIGESTION

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8
Q

Qualitative Fecal Fat Stain

A

Neutral Fat Stain
Split Fat Stain

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9
Q

Stain for Triglycerides

A

Neutral Fat Stain

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10
Q

Procedure for Neutral Fat Stain

A

emulsified stool + 95% ETOH + Sudan
III

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11
Q

Value of Steatorrhea in Neutral Fat Stain

A

≥ 60ORANGE DROPLETS/HPF

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12
Q

Stain for total fat content (including Fatty acids, soaps/fatty acid salts, and cholesterol)

A

Split Fat Stain

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13
Q

Procedure for Split Fat Stain

A

stool + 36% acetic acid + Sudan III +
Heat

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14
Q

Value of Steatorrhea in Split Fat Stain

A

100 droplets that are 6-75 um in
size

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15
Q

Neutral Fat Stain is NORMAL
Split Fat Stain is INCREASED

A

MALABSORPTION

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16
Q

Neutral Fat Stain is INCREASED
Split Fat Stain is NORMAL

A

MALDIGESTION

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17
Q

Gold standard quantitative test
for fecal fat content

A

Van De Kamer Test

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18
Q

Collection Considerations for Van De Kamer Test:
Requires the collection of ____ specimen.

A

at least a 3 days

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19
Q

Collection Considerations for Van De Kamer Test:
The patient must maintain a regulated intake of fat of ____ before and during the collection period

A

100 g/day

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20
Q

Collection Considerations for Van De Kamer Test:
The specimen is collected in a _____ container like paint cans

A

large, pre-weighed

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21
Q

Collection Considerations for Van De Kamer Test:
The entire fecal collection is ____ and ____ (e.g., using a mechanical
shaker).

A

weighed and homogenized

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22
Q

Principle of Van De Kamer Test

A

Titration or titrimetric method

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23
Q

Reagents used of Van De Kamer Test

A

Sodium hydroxide (naoh)

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24
Q

In the titrimetric method, ____ and ____ are converted to ____ before extraction.

A

neutral fats and soaps
fatty acids

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25
Q

Because the titrimetric method is unable to recover medium-chain fatty acids completely, it measures approximately ___ of the total fecal lipid content.

A

80%

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26
Q

The fat content is reported as grams of fat or the coefficient of fat retention per ____
Reference values based on a ___ are 1 to 6 g per day or a coefficient of fat retention of at least ____

A

24 hours
100 g/d intake
95%

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27
Q

Normal value if px undergoes
standard diet:

A

1 to 6 g per day

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28
Q

this is useful for children when standard fat diet is used.

A

Van De Kamer Test

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29
Q

Disadvantage of Van De Kamer Test

A

time consuming and uses corrosive and flammable solvents

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30
Q

A test that is useful to differentiate
malabsorption and maldigestion

A

D-xylose test

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31
Q

D-Xylose is a ____ that does not need to be ____ but does need to be ____ to be present in the urine

A

pentose sugar
digested
absorbed

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32
Q

The xylose absorption test involves the patient’s ingestion of a ____, followed by the collection of a blood sample after ____ urine specimen

A

dose of xylose
2 hours and a 5-hour

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33
Q

If D-xylose result is low/abnormal, the result indicates a ___

A

malabsorption

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34
Q

Presence of ≥3 neutrophils/HPF Indicates invasive condition

A

Fecal Leukocytes

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35
Q

Presence of at least 1 Neutrophil per OIF is significant (Strasinger)

A

Fecal Leukocytes

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36
Q

Wet preparation of Fecal Leukocytes

A

Stool + Methylene blue

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37
Q

It is the faster procedure but may be
more difficult to interpret

A

Methylene blue

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38
Q

It is used to differentiate mononuclear cells and PMNs

A

Methylene blue

39
Q

A test for fecal WBC that gives a
positive result in an invasive bacterial pathogen

A

Lactoferrin Latex Agglutination

40
Q

It remains sensitive in refrigerated and frozen specimens

A

Lactoferrin Latex Agglutination

41
Q

Lactoferrin Latex Agglutination is positive in diarrhea with WBC: (5)

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, & entero-invasive E. coli

42
Q

Lactoferrin Latex Agglutination is negative in diarrhea without WBC: (4)

A

Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio spp., viruses, and parasites

43
Q

Stool stained with either Wright’s or Gram stains provides permanent slides for evaluation.

A

Dried preparation

44
Q

Occult means “hidden”
Screening test for colon cancer

A

Fecal Occult Blood Test

45
Q

Significant value of Fecal Occult Blood Test

A

> 2.5ml blood / 150g stool

46
Q

Sample must be obtained from the ___ portion of the stool to avoid ____ from ____ contamination

A

center
false positive
external

47
Q

Chromogen used for Fecal Occult Blood Test (3)

A

Benzidine
Guaiac
Otoluidine

48
Q

Contrary to most chemical testing, the least sensitive reagent, _____, is preferred for routine testing

A

Guaiac

49
Q

Reaction is based on Pseudoperoxidase activity of Hemoglobin

A

Fecal Occult Blood Test

50
Q

Aspirin and other NSAIDs will have a result of?

A

False positive

51
Q

Aspirin and other NSAIDs should be avoided for

A

7 days

52
Q

Red meats, horseradish, melons,
raw broccoli, cauliflower, radishes,
& turnips will have a result of?

A

False positive

53
Q

Red meats, horseradish, melons,
raw broccoli, cauliflower, radishes,
& turnips turnips should be avoided for

A

3 days

54
Q

Reducing agent such as Vitamin C will have a result of?

A

False positive

55
Q

Reducing agent such as Vitamin C should be avoided for

A

3 days

56
Q

Iron supplements containing vitamin C will have a result of?

A

False Negative

57
Q

Iron supplements containing vitamin C will have a result of?

A

False Negativewill have a result of?

58
Q

Failure to allow stool samples to soak into the filter paper slide for 3 to 5 minutes before adding developer will have a result of?

A

False Negative

59
Q

Applying a thick smear of stool sample on the test card will have a result of?

A

False Negative

60
Q

Presence of more than 10 undigested muscle fibers are associated with biliary obstruction, cystic fibrosis, and gastrocolic fistulas

A

Muscle fibers

61
Q

Increase excretion of muscle
fibers in feces

A

Creatorrhea

62
Q

Partially digested fibers

A

Fibers exhibit striations in only one direction

62
Q

Patient will undergo in a meat diet

A

Procedure in Creatorrhea

63
Q

Procedure of Creatorrhea

A

Emulsified stool + 10% eosin in alcohol → coverslip and stand for 3 mins then observed under HPF for 5 minutes

64
Q

Digested fibers

A

Fibers have no visible striations

65
Q

Undigested fibers

A

Fibers have visible striations
running both vertically and horizontally

66
Q

A test for Fetal hemoglobin

A

APT Test/ Alkali Denaturation Test/ Downey Test

67
Q

Used to Differentiate fetal blood from maternal blood

A

APT Test/ Alkali Denaturation Test/ Downey Test

68
Q

Discovered by Leonard Apt

A

APT Test/ Alkali Denaturation Test/ Downey Test

69
Q

Specimen for APT Test/ Alkali Denaturation Test/ Downey Test

A

infant stool, vomitus, emesis, or
gastric aspirate

70
Q

Reagent used for APT Test/ Alkali Denaturation Test/ Downey Test

A

1% NaOH

71
Q

Pink supernatant in APT Test/ Alkali Denaturation Test/ Downey Test:

A

fetal blood with Hemoglobin F

72
Q

Yellow-brown supernatant in APT Test/ Alkali Denaturation Test/ Downey Test:

A

maternal blood with Hb A

73
Q

Enzymes supplied to the gastrointestinal tract by the pancreas are essential for digesting
dietary proteins, carbohydrates, and fats

A

Fecal Enzymes

74
Q

Decreased production of these enzymes (pancreatic insufficiency) is associated with disorders such as chronic pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis. Steatorrhea occurs, and undigested food appears in the feces

A

Fecal Enzymes

75
Q

Detects trypsin enzyme
(absent of trypsin is associated with cystic fibrosis)

A

X-ray Film test

76
Q

____ of trypsin has been
screened for by exposing x-ray
paper to stool _____ in
water

A

Absence
emulsified

77
Q

When trypsin is present in the stool, it digests the ____ on the paper, leaving a clear area

A

gelatin

78
Q

Inability to digest the gelatin
indicates a deficiency in

A

trypsin production

79
Q

More resistant to intestinal degradation and is a more sensitive indicator of less severe cases of pancreatic insufficiency

A

Chymotrypsin

79
Q

Chymotrypsin is stable in fecal specimen up to

A

10 days at room temperature

80
Q

Measured by spectrophotometry

A

Chymotrypsin

81
Q

An enzyme form produced by the pancreas and accounts about 6% of all secreted pancreatic enzyme

A

Elastase 1

82
Q

Sensitive and specific test for
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

A

Elastase 1

83
Q

The test is specific in differentiating pancreatic from nonpancreatic causes inpatients with steatorrhea

A

Elastase 1

84
Q

T/F
It is affected by motility
disorders or mucosal defects

A

FALSE
NOT AFFECTED

85
Q

It is measured by ELISA

A

Elastase 1

86
Q

The ELISA test uses ____ against human pancreatic elastase-1;
therefore, the result is specific for ____ and not affected by
pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy

A

monoclonal antibodies
human enzyme

87
Q

Significant for assessing lactose intolerance

A

Fecal carbohydrates

88
Q

Fecal carbohydrates normal pH stool

A

7-8

89
Q

Fecal carbohydrates with stool pH and Carbohydrate Disorders:

A

pH <5.5

90
Q

a test for reducing sugar
(carbohydrate) in Fecal carbohydrates

A

Clinitest

91
Q

A result of ___ indicates carbohydrate intolerance

A

≥0.5 g/dl

AUBF 1 Final (14 decks)

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