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HPCT311 > LABORATORY SAFETY, INSTRUMENTATION AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HISTOPATHOLOGIC LABORATORY > Flashcards

LABORATORY SAFETY, INSTRUMENTATION AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HISTOPATHOLOGIC LABORATORY Flashcards

1
Q

art of analyzing and interpreting the shapes, sizes, and architectural patterns of cells and tissues within a given specific clinical background.

A

HISTOPATHOLOGY

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2
Q

3 activities in histopathology

A

pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phase

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3
Q

includes the sample collection, transport, labeling of specimens, tissue processing, and submission of slides for reporting.

A

Pre-analytical Phase

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4
Q

True or False. Any error encountered during pre-analytical
phase can endangered the quality of end
result.

A

True

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5
Q

is more focus on slide reading and
preparation of report.

A

Analytical Phase

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6
Q

is the after preparation of
report. It includes the delivery of test results,
archiving of reports, storing documents and reported specimens, and also the safe disposal.

A

Post-analytical phase

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7
Q

the process of ensuring and maintaining personal as
well as environmental health and safety in the
laboratory.

A

RISK MANAGEMENT

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8
Q

Most hazards encountered fall into what three main categories:

A

chemical, physical or biological

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9
Q

Cleaning agents and disinfectants, drugs, anesthetic
gases.

A

Chemical hazards

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10
Q

applies to the laboratory use of
chemicals and mandates written in the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that address the particular hazards and precautions required for safe
use.

A

lab standard

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11
Q

Every chemical should be labeled with certain basic information, including

A

Chemical name and, if a mixture, names of all
ingredients;
● Manufacturer’s name and address if purchased
commercially, or name of
● person making the reagent;
● Date purchased or made;
● Expiration date, if known;
● Hazard warnings and safety procedures

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12
Q

are chemicals that cause reversible
inflammatory effects at the site of contact with living
tissue, especially the skin, eyes and respiratory
passages

A

Irritants

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13
Q

chemicals cause destruction or
irreversible alterations when exposed to living tissue,
or destroy certain inanimate surfaces. A chemical
may be corrosive to tissue but not to steel, or
viceversa. Few are corrosive to both.

A

Corrosive

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14
Q

cause allergic reactions in some
exposed workers, not just in hypersensitive
individuals. Sensitization may occur at work because
of the high exposure level.

A

Sensitizers

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15
Q

are substances that induce tumors,
not only in experimental animals but also in humans

A

Carcinogens

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16
Q

Examples of carcinogenic chemicals

A

chloroform, chromic acid, formaldehyde, nickel chloride and potassium dichromate

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17
Q

Carcinogenic dyes

A

auramine, basic fuchsin, and any dye
derived from benzidine

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18
Q

are capable of causing death by
ingestion, skin contact or inhalation at certain
specified concentrations.

A

Toxic materials

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19
Q

Examples of toxic material

A

methanol, chromic acid, osmium tetroxide and uranyl nitrate

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20
Q

The most obvious physical hazards

A

slips and falls

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21
Q

The most obvious physical hazards

A

slips and falls

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22
Q

Include infectious agents and their toxins as well as
contaminated solutions, specimens or objects

A

Biological Hazard

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23
Q

are one of the most important health
hazards, yet they are frequently overlooked.

A

Allergens

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24
Q

one piece of equipment that is used by both the pathologist and the histotechnologist.

A

Microscope

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25
Q

examines the slide under the microscope
to identify a disease process or an abnormality that
will directly affect the patient’s treatment.

A

pathologist

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26
Q

examines the same slide microscopically for quality control to determine whether all technical processes are done properly
and if a slide of diagnostic quality has been achieved.

A

histotechnologist

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27
Q

enlargement of image

A

Magnification

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28
Q

shortest distance between two points that can still be distinguish as separate.

A

Resolution

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29
Q

ability of microscope to distinguish small objects that are close together.

A

Resolving Power

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30
Q

a microscope with more than one lens and its own light source.

A

compound light microscope

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31
Q

Compound microscope is also known as

A

bright field microscope

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32
Q

comes from below and contrast in the
sample is caused by absorbance of some of the transmitted light in dense areas of the sample

A

Illumination

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33
Q

is the simplest and most
popular of all techniques used for illumination of samples in light microscopes.

A

Bright-field microscopy

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34
Q

provides support for the microscope. The
base should be large and solid enough to allow the microscope to stand by itself.

A

Base

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35
Q

supports and holds the magnifying and
adjustment system. It can be used as a handle for carrying the microscope.

A

Arm

36
Q

Is the flat platform where the slide is placed
for examination

A

Stage

37
Q

is located directly under the stage and
holds the condenser and diaphragm.

A

Substage

38
Q

permits movement of the stage
while holding the slide in the phase of focus.

A

Mechanical Stage

39
Q

only use one eyepiece when viewing the specimen

A

Monocular Heads

40
Q

have two eyepieces and are
more convenient and comfortable to use. It is the most common choice.

A

Binocular Heads

41
Q

have a third eyepiece tube that
can be used by another person simultaneously or by
an LCD camera. The trinocular option is more
expensive than the other two types

A

Trinocular Heads

42
Q

used with low and medium objective
especially the achromatic. It is also the simplest
eyepiece with 5x-40x magnification.

A

Huygenian

43
Q

refracts light with little spectral color separation.

A

Achromatic Lenses

44
Q

reduces chromatic aberrations more.

A

Ramsden

45
Q

produce to make structure clearer
in terms of chromation. More highly lenses for objectives.

A

Compensating

46
Q

is located at the end of the body tube
for holding the objectives.

A

nosepiece

47
Q

consist of a system of lenses located at
the end of the body tube that is held in place by the nosepiece and is closer to the slide under examination.

A

objectives

48
Q

True or False. The purpose of the objective is to increase
or decrease magnification. The objectives
are mounted on a revolving turret allowing
for the change of objectives.

A

True

49
Q

is the process that increases the size
of the structure under examination. It is achieved by
the use of the microscope’s lens system.

A

magnification

50
Q

total magnification of a microscope is the

A

product of the magnifying power of the objective and
eyepiece

51
Q

what is the normal tube length

A

160mm

52
Q

is the distance between outer lens of
objective and the cover glass of the slide under examination.

A

focal length

53
Q

_________ is derived from the
fact that the specimen is dark and
contrasted by the surrounding bright
viewing field.

A

bright field

54
Q

usually contains an aperture diaphragm to control and focus light on the specimen; light passes through the specimen and then is collected by an objective lens situated in a turret above the stage.

A

condenser

55
Q

magnifies the light and transmits it to
an oracular lens or eyepiece and into the user’s eyes.

A

objective

56
Q

technique used to observe unstained and
transparent samples causing them to be clearly visible and appear brightly lit against a dark, almost purely black background.

A

Dark Field Illumination/dark ground microscopy

57
Q

Dark ground microscopy is useful in demonstrating

A

treponema pallidum, Leptospira, Campylobacter jejuni, Endospore

58
Q

type of light microscopy that enhances contrasts of transparent and colorless objects by influencing the optical path of light

A

Phase Contrast Microscopy

59
Q

makes it possible to study the cell cycle in live
cells. It reveals many cellular structures
that are not visible with a simpler bright field
microscope and makes it possible for
biologists to study living cells and how
they proliferate through cell division

A

Phase Contrast Microscopy

60
Q

contrast-enhancing technique that improves the quality of the image obtained with birefringent materials

A

Polarized Microscopy

61
Q

situated below the specimen stage
usually fixed in the left-to-right, East-West direction, although this is usually rotatable through 360
degrees

A

polarizer

62
Q

usually aligned North-South but again
rotatable on some microscopes, is located above the objectives and can be moved in and out of the light path as required.

A

analyzer

63
Q

2 essential components of polarized microscopy

A

polarizer and analyzer

64
Q

refers to any microscope
that uses fluorescence to generate an image.

A

fluorescence microscopy

65
Q

stains used in fluorescence microscopy

A

auramine rhodamine and acridine orange R

66
Q

color of auramine rhodamine

A

yellow

67
Q

color of acridine orange R in DNA

A

yellow green

68
Q

color of acridine orange R in RNA

A

orange red

69
Q

uses a beam of highly energetic electrons to examine objects on a very fine scale.

A

Electron Microscopes

70
Q

a microscope that uses a
beam of accelerated electrons as a source of
illumination.

A

Electron Microscopes

71
Q

wavelength of an electron
can be up to ______________ shorter than electron microscope has a higher resolving power than a light microscope

A

100,000 times

72
Q

the examination in electron microscope can yield info about

A

morphology and composition

73
Q

creates images of the sample’s internal structure and
more harmful because of higher electron energy

A

Transmission Electron Microscopes

74
Q

utilizes a fine beam focus electron to generally scan
surface of sample

A

Scanning Electron Microscope

75
Q

degree to which healthcare services strive
to provide accurate desired outcomes for patients and are consistent with current professional knowledge

A

quality

76
Q

freedom from accidental injury

A

Safety

77
Q

system of routine technical
activities

A

quality control

78
Q

planned system of review
procedures conducted by personnel not directly involved in the laboratory process

A

Quality Assurance

79
Q

UK NEQAS

A

United Kingdom National External Quality
Assessment Service

80
Q

CAP

A

College of American Pathologists

81
Q

two distinct systems of quality assurance

A

selective and distributive system

82
Q

stained preparations from
departmental archival records are used to assess the quality of staining.

A

selective system

83
Q

participating laboratories are
asked to stain sections that have been submitted by
the scheme organizer

A

distributive system

84
Q

goal of continuing quality imporvement

A

Improved potential care and safety

85
Q

system is used to approach, evaluate and identify opportunities to improve quality before problems occur through evaluation of all systems/processes in the laboratory

A

CONTINUING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

HPCT311 (4 decks)

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